WOMEN'S VISIBILITY in PETITIONS from GREATER SYRIA during the LATE OTTOMAN PERIOD

This article focuses on petitions by Ottoman women from Greater Syria during the late Ottoman era. After offering a general overview of women's petitions in the Ottoman Empire, it explores changes in women's petitions between 1865 and 1919 through several case studies. The article then discusses women's "double-voiced" petitions following the empire's defeat in World War I, particularly those submitted to the King-Crane Commission. The concept of "double-voiced" petitions, or speaking in a voice that reflects both a dominant and a muted discourse, is extended here from the genre of literary fiction to Ottoman women's petitions. We argue that in Greater Syria double-voiced petitions only began to appear with the empire's collapse, when women both participated in national struggles and strove to protect their rights as women in their own societies.