Vulnerability of cities to extreme space weather events: A new frontier of a multidisciplinary urban research

The vulnerability of cities to extreme solar events is an issue of increasing concern, yet relatively few detailed studies of the impacts of these events on cities have been carried out. We present a new policy for a multidisciplinary research framework aimed at coping with extreme solar events in cities. The four interrelated dimensions of the framework include prediction and warning systems; assessment of urban social, economic, and physical vulnerabilities; urban governance; and mitigation and adaptation policies. This framework will help us determine what research policies should be proposed to increase the resilience of our cities.