Use of simulators to explore specialty recommendation for a palpable breast mass

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate recommendation patterns of different specialties for the work-up of a palpable breast mass using simulated scenarios and clinical breast examination models. Methods Study participants were a convenience sample of physicians (n = 318) attending annual surgical, family practice, and obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) conferences. Two different silicone-based breast models (superficial mass vs chest wall mass) were used to test clinical breast examination skills and recommendation patterns (imaging, tissue sampling, and follow-up). Results Participants were more likely to recommend mammography (P <.001) and core biopsy (P <.0001) and less likely to recommend needle aspiration (P <.043) and 1-month follow-up (P <.001) for the chest wall mass compared with the superficial mass. Family practitioners were less likely to recommend ultrasound (P <.001) and obstetrics and gynecologists were less likely to recommend mammogram (P <.006) across models. Surgeons were more likely to recommend core biopsy and less likely to recommend needle aspiration across models (P <.001). Conclusions Recommendation patterns differed across the 2 models in line with existing practice guidelines. Additionally, differences in practice patterns between primary care and specialty providers may represent varying clinician capabilities, healthcare resources, and individual preferences. Our work shows that simulation may be used to track adherence to practice guidelines for breast masses.