TY - GEN
T1 - Universal Randomized Guessing with Application to Asynchronous Decentralized Brute - Force Attacks
AU - Merhav, Neri
AU - Cohen, Asaf
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2019 IEEE.
PY - 2019/7/1
Y1 - 2019/7/1
N2 - Consider the problem of guessing a random vector X by submitting queries (guesses) of the form "Is X equal to x?" until an affirmative answer is obtained. A key figure of merit is the number of queries required until the right vector is guessed, termed the guesswork. The goal is to devise a guessing strategy which minimizes a certain guesswork moment. We study a universal, decentralized scenario where the guesser does not know the distribution of X, and is not allowed to prepare a list of words to be guessed in advance, or to remember its past guesses. Such a scenario is useful, for example, if bots within a Botnet carry out a brute-force attack to guess a password or decrypt a message, yet cannot coordinate the guesses or even know how many bots actually participate in the attack. We devise universal decentralized guessing strategies, first, for memoryless sources, and then generalize them to finite-state sources. For both, we derive the guessing exponent and prove its asymptotic optimality by deriving a matching converse. The strategies are based on randomized guessing using a universal distribution. We also extend the results to guessing with side information (SI). Finally, we design simple algorithms for sampling from the universal distributions.
AB - Consider the problem of guessing a random vector X by submitting queries (guesses) of the form "Is X equal to x?" until an affirmative answer is obtained. A key figure of merit is the number of queries required until the right vector is guessed, termed the guesswork. The goal is to devise a guessing strategy which minimizes a certain guesswork moment. We study a universal, decentralized scenario where the guesser does not know the distribution of X, and is not allowed to prepare a list of words to be guessed in advance, or to remember its past guesses. Such a scenario is useful, for example, if bots within a Botnet carry out a brute-force attack to guess a password or decrypt a message, yet cannot coordinate the guesses or even know how many bots actually participate in the attack. We devise universal decentralized guessing strategies, first, for memoryless sources, and then generalize them to finite-state sources. For both, we derive the guessing exponent and prove its asymptotic optimality by deriving a matching converse. The strategies are based on randomized guessing using a universal distribution. We also extend the results to guessing with side information (SI). Finally, we design simple algorithms for sampling from the universal distributions.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85073159714&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIT.2019.8849716
DO - https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIT.2019.8849716
M3 - منشور من مؤتمر
T3 - IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - Proceedings
SP - 485
EP - 489
BT - 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, ISIT 2019 - Proceedings
T2 - 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, ISIT 2019
Y2 - 7 July 2019 through 12 July 2019
ER -