@article{e5c2c0a86cbd4e248259ca45a9c81e0c,
title = "Type Ia supernovae strongly interacting with their circumstellar medium",
abstract = "Owing to their utility for measurements of cosmic acceleration, Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are perhaps the best-studied class of SNe, yet the progenitor systems of these explosions largely remain a mystery. A rare subclass of SNe Ia shows evidence of strong interaction with their circumstellar medium (CSM), and in particular, a hydrogen-rich CSM; we refer to them as SNe Ia-CSM. In the first systematic search for such systems, we have identified 16 SNe Ia-CSM, and here we present new spectra of 13 of them. Six SNe Ia-CSM have been well studied previously, three were previously known but are analyzed in depth for the first time here, and seven are new discoveries from the Palomar Transient Factory. The spectra of all SNe Ia-CSM are dominated by Hα emission (with widths of ∼2000 km s-1) and exhibit large Hα/Hβ intensity ratios (perhaps due to collisional excitation of hydrogen via the SN ejecta overtaking slower-moving CSM shells); moreover, they have an almost complete lack of He I emission. They also show possible evidence of dust formation through a decrease in the red wing of Hα 75-100 days past maximum brightness, and nearly all SNe Ia-CSM exhibit strong Na I D absorption from the host galaxy. The absolute magnitudes (uncorrected for host-galaxy extinction) of SNe Ia-CSM are found to be -21.3 mag ≤ M R ≤ -19 mag, and they also seem to show ultraviolet emission at early times and strong infrared emission at late times (but no detected radio or X-ray emission). Finally, the host galaxies of SNe Ia-CSM are all late-type spirals similar to the Milky Way, or dwarf irregulars like the Large Magellanic Cloud, which implies that these objects come from a relatively young stellar population. This work represents the most detailed analysis of the SN Ia-CSM class to date.",
keywords = "015205, PTF11kx, PTF10htz, PTF10iuf, PTF10yni, PTF11dsb, PTF11hzx, PTF12efc), circumstellar matter, supernovae: general, supernovae: individual (SN 1997cy, SN 1999E,SN 2002ic, SN 2005gj, SN 2008J, SN 2008cg, SN 2011jb, CSS120327:110520",
author = "Silverman, {Jeffrey M.} and Nugent, {Peter E.} and Avishay Gal-Yam and Mark Sullivan and Howell, {D. Andrew} and Filippenko, {Alexei V.} and Iair Arcavi and Sagi Ben-Ami and Bloom, {Joshua S.} and Cenko, {S. Bradley} and Yi Cao and Ryan Chornock and Clubb, {Kelsey I.} and Coil, {Alison L.} and Foley, {Ryan J.} and Graham, {Melissa L.} and Griffith, {Christopher V.} and Assaf Horesh and Kasliwal, {Mansi M.} and Kulkarni, {Shrinivas R.} and Leonard, {Douglas C.} and Weidong Li and Thomas Matheson and Miller, {Adam A.} and Maryam Modjaz and Ofek, {Eran O.} and Pan, {Yen Chen} and Perley, {Daniel A.} and Dovi Poznanski and Quimby, {Robert M.} and Steele, {Thea N.} and Assaf Sternberg and Dong Xu and Ofer Yaron",
note = "W. M. Keck Foundation; NASA; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; Gary and Cynthia Bengier; Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund; Christopher R. Redlich Fund; TABASGO Foundation; NSF [AST-0908886, AST-1211916]; ISF; BSF; GIF; Minerva; FP7/ERC grant; Helen and Martin Kimmel Award for Innovative InvestigationWe thank K. Alatalo, T. Barlow, E. Bellm, B. Cobb, A. Cucchiara, M. Ganeshalingam, Y. Green, M. Hidas, L. Kewley, N. Konidaris, S. Lazarevic, N. Lee, D. Levitan, M. McCourt, K. Mooley, R. Mostardi, D. Perley, A. G. Riess, B. Sesar, R. Street, T. Treu, V. Viscomi, and X. Wang for their assistance with some of the observations and data reduction; B. Dilday, O. Fox, and L. Wang for helpful discussions; and D. Balam, M. Stritzinger, J. Vinko, and J. C. Wheeler for providing unpublished spectra of possible SNe Ia-CSM. We are grateful to the staffs at the Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes and the Lick, Keck, Palomar, and Kitt Peak National Observatories for their support. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); the observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community; we are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and",
year = "2013",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1088/0067-0049/207/1/3",
language = "الإنجليزيّة",
volume = "207",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series",
issn = "0067-0049",
publisher = "American Astronomical Society",
number = "1",
}