Three-dimensional genomic organization of genes’ function in eukaryotes

It is well known that in prokaryotes, genes are organized in transcription units called operons. Since each operon includes genes which are related to the same pathway, a relation between genomic proximity and functionality can be easily observed. In eukaryotes, usually there are no operons; however, in the last few decades, there have been growing evidence that the organization of eukaryotic genes is not random: Evolution shapes gene organization in eukaryotes in a way that will improve the organism’s fitness. In this chapter, we will review how previous studies in the field employed sophisticated experiments and analysis tools to decipher the way genes are organized in eukaryotic genomes.