TY - CHAP
T1 - The Soft Touch
T2 - Low-Affinity Transcription Factor Binding Sites in Development and Evolution
AU - Crocker, Justin
AU - Preger-Ben Noon, Ella
AU - Stern, David L.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2016 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2016/12/1
Y1 - 2016/12/1
N2 - Transcription factor proteins regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA regions. Most studies of transcription factor binding sites have focused on the highest affinity sites for each factor. There is abundant evidence, however, that binding sites with a range of affinities, including very low affinities, are critical to gene regulation. Here, we present the theoretical and experimental evidence for the importance of low-affinity sites in gene regulation and development. We also discuss the implications of the widespread use of low-affinity sites in eukaryotic genomes for robustness, precision, specificity, and evolution of gene regulation.
AB - Transcription factor proteins regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA regions. Most studies of transcription factor binding sites have focused on the highest affinity sites for each factor. There is abundant evidence, however, that binding sites with a range of affinities, including very low affinities, are critical to gene regulation. Here, we present the theoretical and experimental evidence for the importance of low-affinity sites in gene regulation and development. We also discuss the implications of the widespread use of low-affinity sites in eukaryotic genomes for robustness, precision, specificity, and evolution of gene regulation.
KW - Enhancer
KW - Low-affinity binding sites
KW - Protein–DNA interaction
KW - Transcription factor
KW - Transcription regulation
KW - cis-Regulatory element
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84953206812&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.11.018
DO - 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.11.018
M3 - فصل
C2 - 26969995
T3 - Current Topics in Developmental Biology
SP - 455
EP - 469
BT - Current Topics in Developmental Biology
ER -