The Impact of Sinus Anatomy on Early Implant Failure Following Sinus Augmentation: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between anatomical structures of the maxillary sinus and early implant failure (EIF) following sinus augmentation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study conducted at a single medical centre. Individuals who underwent maxillary sinus floor augmentation for dental implant placement via the lateral approach. Preoperative imaging was evaluated for anatomical variables, including the presence of septa, alveolar antral artery, Schneiderian membrane thickness, maxillary sinus lateral wall thickness, residual alveolar bone height, and maxillary sinus shape. Univariate and multivariable analyses assessed the associations between anatomical factors and EIF. A P value <.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 159 maxillary sinus floor augmentations in 143 individuals were included. The increased presence of bony septa and thicker lateral walls were significantly associated with lower odds of EIF. Smokers had significantly higher chances of EIF. Conclusions: Anatomical features of the maxillary sinus, specifically the increased prevalence of bony septa and thicker lateral walls, are significantly associated with lower EIF rates following maxillary sinus augmentation. Clinical relevance: These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive preoperative radiographic assessment beyond the traditional focus on residual alveolar bone height to enhance the predictability and success of maxillary sinus augmentation procedures.