TY - JOUR
T1 - The impact of photochemical aging on secondary aerosol formation from a marine engine
AU - Paul, Andreas
AU - Kokkola, Tuukka
AU - Fang, Zheng
AU - Ihalainen, Mika
AU - Czech, Hendryk
AU - Etzien, Uwe
AU - Hohaus, Thorsten
AU - Sippula, Olli
AU - Rudich, Yinon
AU - Buchholz, Bert
AU - Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid
AU - Zimmerman, Ralf
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2025.
PY - 2025/3/15
Y1 - 2025/3/15
N2 - Ship traffic is known as an important contributor to air pollution. Regulations aimed at reducing sulfur oxide pollution by limiting the fuel sulfur content (FSC) may also decrease primary particulate matter (PM) emitted from ships. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding how the FSC affects secondary aerosol formation. The emissions from a research ship engine operated with either low sulfur heavy fuel oil (LS-HFO) (FSC = 0.5%) or marine gas oil (MGO) (FSC = 0.01%), were photochemically processed in the oxidation flow reactor “PEAR” to achieve an equivalent photochemical age between 0 and 9 days in the atmosphere. FSC was found to have no significant impact on secondary organic aerosol formation after 3 days of aging, at 1.7 ± 0.4 g/kg for MGO and 1.5 ± 0.4 g/kg for LS-HFO. Furthermore, the composition and oxidative pathways remained similar regardless of FSC. However, because of the higher secondary SO4 formation and primary aerosol emissions, LS-HFO had significantly higher total PM than MGO.
AB - Ship traffic is known as an important contributor to air pollution. Regulations aimed at reducing sulfur oxide pollution by limiting the fuel sulfur content (FSC) may also decrease primary particulate matter (PM) emitted from ships. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding how the FSC affects secondary aerosol formation. The emissions from a research ship engine operated with either low sulfur heavy fuel oil (LS-HFO) (FSC = 0.5%) or marine gas oil (MGO) (FSC = 0.01%), were photochemically processed in the oxidation flow reactor “PEAR” to achieve an equivalent photochemical age between 0 and 9 days in the atmosphere. FSC was found to have no significant impact on secondary organic aerosol formation after 3 days of aging, at 1.7 ± 0.4 g/kg for MGO and 1.5 ± 0.4 g/kg for LS-HFO. Furthermore, the composition and oxidative pathways remained similar regardless of FSC. However, because of the higher secondary SO4 formation and primary aerosol emissions, LS-HFO had significantly higher total PM than MGO.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105000123190&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41612-025-00985-2
DO - 10.1038/s41612-025-00985-2
M3 - مقالة
SN - 2397-3722
VL - 8
JO - npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
JF - npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
M1 - 106
ER -