The genetic history of Ice Age Europe

Qiaomei Fu; Cosimo Posth; Mateja Hajdinjak; Martin Petr; Swapan Mallick; Daniel Fernandes; Anja Furtwängler; Wolfgang Haak; Matthias Meyer; Alissa Mittnik; Birgit Nickel; Alexander Peltzer; Nadin Rohland; Viviane Slon; Sahra Talamo; Iosif Lazaridis; Mark Lipson; Iain Mathieson; Stephan Schiffels; Pontus Skoglund; Anatoly P. Derevianko; Nikolai Drozdov; Vyacheslav Slavinsky; Alexander Tsybankov; Renata Grifoni Cremonesi; Francesco Mallegni; Bernard Gély; Eligio Vacca; Manuel R.González Morales; Lawrence G. Straus; Christine Neugebauer-Maresch; Maria Teschler-Nicola; Silviu Constantin; Oana Teodora Moldovan; Stefano Benazzi; Marco Peresani; Donato Coppola; Martina Lari; Stefano Ricci; Annamaria Ronchitelli; Frédérique Valentin; Corinne Thevenet; Kurt Wehrberger; Dan Grigorescu; Hélène Rougier; Isabelle Crevecoeur; Damien Flas; Patrick Semal; Marcello A. Mannino; Christophe Cupillard; Hervé Bocherens; Nicholas J. Conard; Katerina Harvati; Vyacheslav Moiseyev; Dorothée G. Drucker; Jiří Svoboda; Michael P. Richards; David Caramelli; Ron Pinhasi; Janet Kelso; Nick Patterson; Johannes Krause; Svante Pääbo; David Reich

doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17993

The genetic history of Ice Age Europe

Qiaomei Fu, Cosimo Posth, Mateja Hajdinjak, Martin Petr, Swapan Mallick, Daniel Fernandes, Anja Furtwängler, Wolfgang Haak, Matthias Meyer, Alissa Mittnik, Birgit Nickel, Alexander Peltzer, Nadin Rohland, Viviane Slon, Sahra Talamo, Iosif Lazaridis, Mark Lipson, Iain Mathieson, Stephan Schiffels, Pontus SkoglundAnatoly P. Derevianko, Nikolai Drozdov, Vyacheslav Slavinsky, Alexander Tsybankov, Renata Grifoni Cremonesi, Francesco Mallegni, Bernard Gély, Eligio Vacca, Manuel R.González Morales, Lawrence G. Straus, Christine Neugebauer-Maresch, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Silviu Constantin, Oana Teodora Moldovan, Stefano Benazzi, Marco Peresani, Donato Coppola, Martina Lari, Stefano Ricci, Annamaria Ronchitelli, Frédérique Valentin, Corinne Thevenet, Kurt Wehrberger, Dan Grigorescu, Hélène Rougier, Isabelle Crevecoeur, Damien Flas, Patrick Semal, Marcello A. Mannino, Christophe Cupillard, Hervé Bocherens, Nicholas J. Conard, Katerina Harvati, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Dorothée G. Drucker, Jiří Svoboda, Michael P. Richards, David Caramelli, Ron Pinhasi, Janet Kelso, Nick Patterson, Johannes Krause, Svante Pääbo, David Reich

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Modern humans arrived in Europe ∼45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic composition before the start of farming ∼8,500 years ago. Here we analyse genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from ∼45,000-7,000 years ago. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3-6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas there is no evidence of the earliest modern humans in Europe contributing to the genetic composition of present-day Europeans, all individuals between ∼37,000 and ∼14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. An ∼35,000-year-old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe at the height of the last Ice Age ∼19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after ∼14,000 years ago, a genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners became widespread in Europe. These results document how population turnover and migration have been recurring themes of European prehistory.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	200-205
Number of pages	6
Journal	Nature
Volume	534
Issue number	7606
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17993
State	Published - 2 May 2016
Externally published	Yes

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

General

Access to Document

https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17993

Cite this

@article{b3d311caa8094e50977971aa33e67939,

title = "The genetic history of Ice Age Europe",

abstract = "Modern humans arrived in Europe ∼45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic composition before the start of farming ∼8,500 years ago. Here we analyse genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from ∼45,000-7,000 years ago. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3-6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas there is no evidence of the earliest modern humans in Europe contributing to the genetic composition of present-day Europeans, all individuals between ∼37,000 and ∼14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. An ∼35,000-year-old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe at the height of the last Ice Age ∼19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after ∼14,000 years ago, a genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners became widespread in Europe. These results document how population turnover and migration have been recurring themes of European prehistory.",

author = "Qiaomei Fu and Cosimo Posth and Mateja Hajdinjak and Martin Petr and Swapan Mallick and Daniel Fernandes and Anja Furtw{\"a}ngler and Wolfgang Haak and Matthias Meyer and Alissa Mittnik and Birgit Nickel and Alexander Peltzer and Nadin Rohland and Viviane Slon and Sahra Talamo and Iosif Lazaridis and Mark Lipson and Iain Mathieson and Stephan Schiffels and Pontus Skoglund and Derevianko, {Anatoly P.} and Nikolai Drozdov and Vyacheslav Slavinsky and Alexander Tsybankov and Cremonesi, {Renata Grifoni} and Francesco Mallegni and Bernard G{\'e}ly and Eligio Vacca and Morales, {Manuel R.Gonz{\'a}lez} and Straus, {Lawrence G.} and Christine Neugebauer-Maresch and Maria Teschler-Nicola and Silviu Constantin and Moldovan, {Oana Teodora} and Stefano Benazzi and Marco Peresani and Donato Coppola and Martina Lari and Stefano Ricci and Annamaria Ronchitelli and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}rique Valentin and Corinne Thevenet and Kurt Wehrberger and Dan Grigorescu and H{\'e}l{\`e}ne Rougier and Isabelle Crevecoeur and Damien Flas and Patrick Semal and Mannino, {Marcello A.} and Christophe Cupillard and Herv{\'e} Bocherens and Conard, {Nicholas J.} and Katerina Harvati and Vyacheslav Moiseyev and Drucker, {Doroth{\'e}e G.} and Ji{\v r}{\'i} Svoboda and Richards, {Michael P.} and David Caramelli and Ron Pinhasi and Janet Kelso and Nick Patterson and Johannes Krause and Svante P{\"a}{\"a}bo and David Reich",

note = "Funding Information: We thank B. Alex, D. Meltzer, P. Moorjani, I. Olalde, S. Sankararaman and B. Viola for comments, K. Stewardson and E. Harney for sample screening, and F. Hallgren for sharing a radiocarbon date for Motala12. The Fig. 1 map is plotted using data available under the Open Database License ? OpenStreetMap (http://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright). The Goyet project led by H.R. was funded by the Wenner-Gren Foundation (Gr. 7837), the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences of CSUN, the CSUN Competition for Research, Scholarship and Creative Activity Awards, and the RBINS. The excavation of the El Mir?n Cave burial, led by L.G.S. and M.R.G.M., was supported by the Gobierno de Cantabria, the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation, the University of New Mexico, the Stone Age Research Fund (J. and R. Auel, principal donors), the town of Ramales de la Victoria and the Universidad de Cantabria. Excavations at Grotta Paglicci were performed by A. Palma di Cesnola in collaboration with the Soprintendenza Archeologia della Puglia (founded by MIUR and local Institutions). Research at Riparo Villabruna was supported by MIBACT and the Veneto Region. Q.F. was funded by the Special Foundation of the President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2015-2016), the Bureau of International Cooperation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05130202), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (L1524016) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Discipline Development Strategy Project (2015-DX-C-03). D.Fe was supported by an Irish Research Council grant (GOIPG/2013/36). I.M. was supported by a long-term fellowship from the Human Frontier Science Program LT001095/2014-L. P.Sk was supported by the Swedish Research Council (VR 2014-453). S.T., and M.P.R. were funded by the Max Planck Society. C.N.-M. was funded by FWF P-17258, P-19347, P-21660 and P-23612. S.C. and O.T.M. were funded by a 'Karsthives' Grant PCCE 31/2010 (CNCS-UEFISCDI, Romania). A.P.D., N.D., V.Sla and N.D. were funded by the Russian Science Foundation (project No.14-50-00036). M.A.M. was funded by a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (grant number PIEF-GA-2008-219965). M.La and D.C. were funded by grants PRIN 2010-11 and 2010EL8TXP-003. C.C. and the research about the French Jura sites of Rochedane, Rigney and Ranchot was funded by the Collective Research Program (PCR) (2005-2008). K.H. was supported by the European Research Council (ERC StG 283503) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG INST37/706-1FUGG, DFG FOR2237). D.G.D. was funded by the European Social Fund and Ministry of Science, Research and Arts of Baden-W?rttemberg. R.P. was funded by ERC starting grant ADNABIOARC (263441). J.Ke was funded by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB1052, project A02). J.Kr was funded by DFG grant KR 4015/1-1, the Baden W?rttemberg Foundation, and the Max Planck Society. S.P. were funded by the Max Planck Society and the Krekeler Foundation. D.R. was funded by NSF HOMINID grant BCS-1032255, NIH (NIGMS) grant GM100233, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.",

year = "2016",

month = may,

day = "2",

doi = "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17993",

language = "الإنجليزيّة",

volume = "534",

pages = "200--205",

journal = "Nature",

issn = "0028-0836",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

number = "7606",

}

Fu, Q, Posth, C, Hajdinjak, M, Petr, M, Mallick, S, Fernandes, D, Furtwängler, A, Haak, W, Meyer, M, Mittnik, A, Nickel, B, Peltzer, A, Rohland, N, Slon, V, Talamo, S, Lazaridis, I, Lipson, M, Mathieson, I, Schiffels, S, Skoglund, P, Derevianko, AP, Drozdov, N, Slavinsky, V, Tsybankov, A, Cremonesi, RG, Mallegni, F, Gély, B, Vacca, E, Morales, MRG, Straus, LG, Neugebauer-Maresch, C, Teschler-Nicola, M, Constantin, S, Moldovan, OT, Benazzi, S, Peresani, M, Coppola, D, Lari, M, Ricci, S, Ronchitelli, A, Valentin, F, Thevenet, C, Wehrberger, K, Grigorescu, D, Rougier, H, Crevecoeur, I, Flas, D, Semal, P, Mannino, MA, Cupillard, C, Bocherens, H, Conard, NJ, Harvati, K, Moiseyev, V, Drucker, DG, Svoboda, J, Richards, MP, Caramelli, D, Pinhasi, R, Kelso, J, Patterson, N, Krause, J, Pääbo, S & Reich, D 2016, 'The genetic history of Ice Age Europe', Nature, vol. 534, no. 7606, pp. 200-205. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17993

TY - JOUR

T1 - The genetic history of Ice Age Europe

AU - Fu, Qiaomei

AU - Posth, Cosimo

AU - Hajdinjak, Mateja

AU - Petr, Martin

AU - Mallick, Swapan

AU - Fernandes, Daniel

AU - Furtwängler, Anja

AU - Haak, Wolfgang

AU - Meyer, Matthias

AU - Mittnik, Alissa

AU - Nickel, Birgit

AU - Peltzer, Alexander

AU - Rohland, Nadin

AU - Slon, Viviane

AU - Talamo, Sahra

AU - Lazaridis, Iosif

AU - Lipson, Mark

AU - Mathieson, Iain

AU - Schiffels, Stephan

AU - Skoglund, Pontus

AU - Derevianko, Anatoly P.

AU - Drozdov, Nikolai

AU - Slavinsky, Vyacheslav

AU - Tsybankov, Alexander

AU - Cremonesi, Renata Grifoni

AU - Mallegni, Francesco

AU - Gély, Bernard

AU - Vacca, Eligio

AU - Morales, Manuel R.González

AU - Straus, Lawrence G.

AU - Neugebauer-Maresch, Christine

AU - Teschler-Nicola, Maria

AU - Constantin, Silviu

AU - Moldovan, Oana Teodora

AU - Benazzi, Stefano

AU - Peresani, Marco

AU - Coppola, Donato

AU - Lari, Martina

AU - Ricci, Stefano

AU - Ronchitelli, Annamaria

AU - Valentin, Frédérique

AU - Thevenet, Corinne

AU - Wehrberger, Kurt

AU - Grigorescu, Dan

AU - Rougier, Hélène

AU - Crevecoeur, Isabelle

AU - Flas, Damien

AU - Semal, Patrick

AU - Mannino, Marcello A.

AU - Cupillard, Christophe

AU - Bocherens, Hervé

AU - Conard, Nicholas J.

AU - Harvati, Katerina

AU - Moiseyev, Vyacheslav

AU - Drucker, Dorothée G.

AU - Svoboda, Jiří

AU - Richards, Michael P.

AU - Caramelli, David

AU - Pinhasi, Ron

AU - Kelso, Janet

AU - Patterson, Nick

AU - Krause, Johannes

AU - Pääbo, Svante

AU - Reich, David

N1 - Funding Information: We thank B. Alex, D. Meltzer, P. Moorjani, I. Olalde, S. Sankararaman and B. Viola for comments, K. Stewardson and E. Harney for sample screening, and F. Hallgren for sharing a radiocarbon date for Motala12. The Fig. 1 map is plotted using data available under the Open Database License ? OpenStreetMap (http://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright). The Goyet project led by H.R. was funded by the Wenner-Gren Foundation (Gr. 7837), the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences of CSUN, the CSUN Competition for Research, Scholarship and Creative Activity Awards, and the RBINS. The excavation of the El Mir?n Cave burial, led by L.G.S. and M.R.G.M., was supported by the Gobierno de Cantabria, the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation, the University of New Mexico, the Stone Age Research Fund (J. and R. Auel, principal donors), the town of Ramales de la Victoria and the Universidad de Cantabria. Excavations at Grotta Paglicci were performed by A. Palma di Cesnola in collaboration with the Soprintendenza Archeologia della Puglia (founded by MIUR and local Institutions). Research at Riparo Villabruna was supported by MIBACT and the Veneto Region. Q.F. was funded by the Special Foundation of the President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2015-2016), the Bureau of International Cooperation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05130202), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (L1524016) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Discipline Development Strategy Project (2015-DX-C-03). D.Fe was supported by an Irish Research Council grant (GOIPG/2013/36). I.M. was supported by a long-term fellowship from the Human Frontier Science Program LT001095/2014-L. P.Sk was supported by the Swedish Research Council (VR 2014-453). S.T., and M.P.R. were funded by the Max Planck Society. C.N.-M. was funded by FWF P-17258, P-19347, P-21660 and P-23612. S.C. and O.T.M. were funded by a 'Karsthives' Grant PCCE 31/2010 (CNCS-UEFISCDI, Romania). A.P.D., N.D., V.Sla and N.D. were funded by the Russian Science Foundation (project No.14-50-00036). M.A.M. was funded by a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (grant number PIEF-GA-2008-219965). M.La and D.C. were funded by grants PRIN 2010-11 and 2010EL8TXP-003. C.C. and the research about the French Jura sites of Rochedane, Rigney and Ranchot was funded by the Collective Research Program (PCR) (2005-2008). K.H. was supported by the European Research Council (ERC StG 283503) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG INST37/706-1FUGG, DFG FOR2237). D.G.D. was funded by the European Social Fund and Ministry of Science, Research and Arts of Baden-W?rttemberg. R.P. was funded by ERC starting grant ADNABIOARC (263441). J.Ke was funded by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB1052, project A02). J.Kr was funded by DFG grant KR 4015/1-1, the Baden W?rttemberg Foundation, and the Max Planck Society. S.P. were funded by the Max Planck Society and the Krekeler Foundation. D.R. was funded by NSF HOMINID grant BCS-1032255, NIH (NIGMS) grant GM100233, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

PY - 2016/5/2

Y1 - 2016/5/2

N2 - Modern humans arrived in Europe ∼45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic composition before the start of farming ∼8,500 years ago. Here we analyse genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from ∼45,000-7,000 years ago. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3-6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas there is no evidence of the earliest modern humans in Europe contributing to the genetic composition of present-day Europeans, all individuals between ∼37,000 and ∼14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. An ∼35,000-year-old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe at the height of the last Ice Age ∼19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after ∼14,000 years ago, a genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners became widespread in Europe. These results document how population turnover and migration have been recurring themes of European prehistory.

AB - Modern humans arrived in Europe ∼45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic composition before the start of farming ∼8,500 years ago. Here we analyse genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from ∼45,000-7,000 years ago. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3-6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas there is no evidence of the earliest modern humans in Europe contributing to the genetic composition of present-day Europeans, all individuals between ∼37,000 and ∼14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. An ∼35,000-year-old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe at the height of the last Ice Age ∼19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after ∼14,000 years ago, a genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners became widespread in Europe. These results document how population turnover and migration have been recurring themes of European prehistory.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84969820697&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17993

DO - https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17993

M3 - مقالة

C2 - 27135931

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 534

SP - 200

EP - 205

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7606

ER -

The genetic history of Ice Age Europe

Abstract

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this