@article{1c44f7c5c73245b590904136e7ca2b66,
title = "The Dual Functional Reflecting Iris of the Zebrafish",
abstract = "Many marine organisms have evolved a reflective iris to prevent unfocused light from reaching the retina. The fish iris has a dual function, both to camouflage the eye and serving as a light barrier. Yet, the physical mechanism that enables this dual functionality and the benefits of using a reflective iris have remained unclear. Using synchrotron microfocused diffraction, cryo-scanning electron microscopy imaging, and optical analyses on zebrafish at different stages of development, it is shown that the complex optical response of the iris is facilitated by the development of high-order organization of multilayered guanine-based crystal reflectors and pigments. It is further demonstrated how the efficient light reflector is established during development to allow the optical functionality of the eye, already at early developmental stages.",
author = "Dvir Gur and Jan-David Nicolas and Vlad Brumfeld and Omri Bar-Elli and Dan Oron and Gil Levkowitz",
note = "The authors thank Dr. Nadav Elad for his help with the TEM studies and Dr. Eyal Shimoni and Dr. Ifat Kaplan‐Ashiri for their help with the SEM Studies. The authors thank Tal Bigdary for graphical schemes. The authors thank Prof. Leslie Leiserowitz for helpful discussions. The authors acknowledge the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility for provision of synchrotron radiation facilities and would like to thank Manfred Burghammer for assistance in using beamline ID13. The authors are also very thankful for helpful advice on the X‐ray data analysis by Dr. Tim Salditt, Institute for X‐ray Physics, G{\"o}ttingen, Germany. This work was supported by the Crown Center of Photonics, and the I‐CORE (Israeli Center for Research Excellence) “Circle of Light,” the Israel Science Foundation (No. 1511/16); F.I.R.S.T. (Bikura) Individual Grant (No. 2137/16); Israel Ministry of Agriculture Chief Scientist Office (Nos. 894‐0194‐13 and 30‐04‐0002); minerva‐Weizmann program and Adelis Metabolic Research Fund (in the frame of the Weizmann Institute). G.L. is an incumbent of the Elias Sourasky Professorial Chair. * Highlighted in Advanced Science News – Fishing for the Structure of the Iris.",
year = "2018",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1002/advs.201800338",
language = "الإنجليزيّة",
volume = "5",
journal = "Advanced Science",
issn = "2198-3844",
publisher = "Wiley-VCH Verlag",
number = "8",
}