The Accretion History of AGN: The Spectral Energy Distributions of X-Ray-luminous Active Galactic Nuclei

Spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from X-ray to far-infrared (FIR) wavelengths are presented for a sample of 1246 X-ray-luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs; L _{0.5-10 keV} > 10⁴³ erg s⁻¹), with z _spec < 1.2, selected from Stripe 82X, COSMOS, and GOODS-N/S. The rest-frame SEDs show a wide spread (∼2.5 dex) in the relative strengths of broad continuum features at X-ray, ultraviolet (UV), mid-infrared (MIR), and FIR wavelengths. A linear correlation (log-log slope of 0.7 ± 0.04) is found between L _MIR and L _X. There is significant scatter in the relation between the L _UV and L _X owing to heavy obscuration; however, the most luminous and unobscured AGNs show a linear correlation (log-log slope of 0.8 ± 0.06) in the relation above this scatter. The relation between L _FIR and L _X is predominantly flat, but with decreasing dispersion at L _X > 10⁴⁴ erg s⁻¹. The ratio between the “galaxy-subtracted” bolometric luminosity and the intrinsic L _X increases from a factor of ∼10 to 70 from log L _bol/(erg s⁻¹) = 44.5 to 46.5. Characteristic SED shapes have been determined by grouping AGNs based on relative strengths of the UV and MIR emission. The average L _1μm is constant for the majority of these SED shapes, while AGNs with the strongest UV and MIR emission have elevated L _1μm, consistent with the AGN emission dominating their SEDs at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. A strong correlation is found between the SED shape and both the L _X and L _bol, such that L _bol/L _X = 20.4 ± 1.8, independent of the SED shape. This is consistent with an evolutionary scenario of increasing L _bol with decreasing obscuration as the AGN blows away circumnuclear gas.