Tests for consciousness in humans and beyond

Tim Bayne; Anil K. Seth; Marcello Massimini; Joshua Shepherd; Axel Cleeremans; Stephen M. Fleming; Rafael Malach; Jason B. Mattingley; David K. Menon; Adrian M. Owen; Megan A.K. Peters; Adeel Razi; Liad Mudrik

doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.010

Tests for consciousness in humans and beyond

Tim Bayne, Anil K. Seth, Marcello Massimini, Joshua Shepherd, Axel Cleeremans, Stephen M. Fleming, Rafael Malach, Jason B. Mattingley, David K. Menon, Adrian M. Owen, Megan A.K. Peters, Adeel Razi, Liad Mudrik

Tel Aviv University, Weizmann Institute of Science

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

Abstract

Which systems/organisms are conscious? New tests for consciousness (‘C-tests’) are urgently needed. There is persisting uncertainty about when consciousness arises in human development, when it is lost due to neurological disorders and brain injury, and how it is distributed in nonhuman species. This need is amplified by recent and rapid developments in artificial intelligence (AI), neural organoids, and xenobot technology. Although a number of C-tests have been proposed in recent years, most are of limited use, and currently we have no C-tests for many of the populations for which they are most critical. Here, we identify challenges facing any attempt to develop C-tests, propose a multidimensional classification of such tests, and identify strategies that might be used to validate them.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	454-466
Number of pages	13
Journal	Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Volume	28
Issue number	5
Early online date	13 Mar 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.010
State	Published - May 2024

Keywords

animal consciousness
artificial intelligence
disorders of consciousness
fetal consciousness
infant consciousness
neural organoids
test for consciousness

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology
Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive Neuroscience

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.010

Cite this

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title = "Tests for consciousness in humans and beyond",

abstract = "Which systems/organisms are conscious? New tests for consciousness ({\textquoteleft}C-tests{\textquoteright}) are urgently needed. There is persisting uncertainty about when consciousness arises in human development, when it is lost due to neurological disorders and brain injury, and how it is distributed in nonhuman species. This need is amplified by recent and rapid developments in artificial intelligence (AI), neural organoids, and xenobot technology. Although a number of C-tests have been proposed in recent years, most are of limited use, and currently we have no C-tests for many of the populations for which they are most critical. Here, we identify challenges facing any attempt to develop C-tests, propose a multidimensional classification of such tests, and identify strategies that might be used to validate them.",

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AU - Bayne, Tim

AU - Seth, Anil K.

AU - Massimini, Marcello

AU - Shepherd, Joshua

AU - Cleeremans, Axel

AU - Fleming, Stephen M.

AU - Malach, Rafael

AU - Mattingley, Jason B.

AU - Menon, David K.

AU - Owen, Adrian M.

AU - Peters, Megan A.K.

AU - Razi, Adeel

AU - Mudrik, Liad

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AB - Which systems/organisms are conscious? New tests for consciousness (‘C-tests’) are urgently needed. There is persisting uncertainty about when consciousness arises in human development, when it is lost due to neurological disorders and brain injury, and how it is distributed in nonhuman species. This need is amplified by recent and rapid developments in artificial intelligence (AI), neural organoids, and xenobot technology. Although a number of C-tests have been proposed in recent years, most are of limited use, and currently we have no C-tests for many of the populations for which they are most critical. Here, we identify challenges facing any attempt to develop C-tests, propose a multidimensional classification of such tests, and identify strategies that might be used to validate them.

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KW - artificial intelligence

KW - disorders of consciousness

KW - fetal consciousness

KW - infant consciousness

KW - neural organoids

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M3 - مقالة مرجعية

C2 - 38485576

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EP - 466

JO - Trends in Cognitive Sciences

JF - Trends in Cognitive Sciences

IS - 5

ER -

Tests for consciousness in humans and beyond

Abstract

Keywords

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

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