@article{c42af9ee34b64d2e872ab68bd38d32a8,
title = "SN 2011dh: Discovery of a type IIb supernova from a compact progenitor in the nearby galaxy M51",
abstract = "On 2011 May 31 UT a supernova (SN) exploded in the nearby galaxy M51 (the Whirlpool Galaxy). We discovered this event using small telescopes equipped with CCD cameras and also detected it with the Palomar Transient Factory survey, rapidly confirming it to be a Type II SN. Here, we present multi-color ultraviolet through infrared photometry which is used to calculate the bolometric luminosity and a series of spectra. Our early-time observations indicate that SN 2011dh resulted from the explosion of a relatively compact progenitor star. Rapid shock-breakout cooling leads to relatively low temperatures in early-time spectra, compared to explosions of red supergiant stars, as well as a rapid early light curve decline. Optical spectra of SN 2011dh are dominated by H lines out to day 10 after explosion, after which He I lines develop. This SN is likely a member of the cIIb (compact IIb) class, with progenitor radius larger than that of SN 2008ax and smaller than the eIIb (extended IIb) SN 1993J progenitor. Our data imply that the object identified in pre-explosion Hubble Space Telescope images at the SN location is possibly a companion to the progenitor or a blended source, and not the progenitor star itself, as its radius (∼1013cm) would be highly inconsistent with constraints from our post-explosion spectra.",
keywords = "supernovae: individual (PTF11eon/SN2011dh)",
author = "Iair Arcavi and Avishay Gal-Yam and Ofer Yaron and Assaf Sternberg and Itay Rabinak and Eli Waxman and Kasliwal, {Mansi M.} and Quimby, {Robert M.} and Ofek, {Eran O.} and Assaf Horesh and Kulkarni, {Shrinivas R.} and Filippenko, {Alexei V.} and Silverman, {Jeffrey M.} and Cenko, {S. Bradley} and Weidong Li and Bloom, {Joshua S.} and Mark Sullivan and Nugent, {Peter E.} and Dovi Poznanski and Evgeny Gorbikov and Fulton, {Benjamin J.} and Howell, {D. Andrew} and David Bersier and Amedee Riou and Stephane Lamotte-Bailey and Thomas Griga and Cohen, {Judith G.} and Stephan Hachinger and David Polishook and Dong Xu and Sagi Ben-Ami and Ilan Manulis and Walker, {Emma S.} and Kate Maguire and Pan, {Yen Chen} and Thomas Matheson and Mazzali, {Paolo A.} and Elena Pian and Fox, {Derek B.} and Neil Gehrels and Nicholas Law and Philip James and Marchant, {Jonathan M.} and Smith, {Robert J.} and Mottram, {Chris J.} and Barnsley, {Robert M.} and Kandrashoff, {Michael T.} and Clubb, {Kelsey I.}",
note = "Israeli Science Foundation; US-Israel Binational Science Foundation; EU; Minerva; US Department of Energy Scientific Discovery [DE-FG02-06ER06-04]; Royal Society; Weizmann-UK; Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund; US National Science Foundation [AST-0908886]; TABASGO Foundation; NSF-CDI [0941742]; NSF/AAG [NSF/AST-100991]; INAF; Israel Space Agency (ISA); Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPA) in Heidelberg, Germany; German Israeli Science Foundation for Research and Development; Israel Science Foundation; W.M. Keck Foundation; Harvard University; University of Virginia; SAO, UC Berkeley; NASA [NNX09AQ66Q, NNX10A128G]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]The Weizmann Institute PTF partnership is supported by the Israeli Science Foundation via grants to A. G. Collaborative work between A. G. and S. R. K. is supported by the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation. A. G. further acknowledges support from the EU FP7 Marie Curie program via an IRG fellowship and a Minerva grant. P.E.N. is supported by the US Department of Energy Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing program under contract DE-FG02-06ER06-04. M. S. acknowledges support from the Royal Society; M. S. and A. G. are also grateful for a Weizmann-UK Making Connections grant. A.V.F.'s supernova group at U. C. Berkeley acknowledges generous support from Gary and Cynthia Bengier, the Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund, US National Science Foundation grant AST-0908886, and the TABASGO Foundation. J.S.B. acknowledges support of an NSF-CDI grant 0941742 and NSF/AAG grant NSF/AST-100991. P. M., E. P., and E. S. W. acknowledge financial support from INAF through PRIN INAF 2009.Instrumentation at Wise Observatory was funded in part by the Israel Space Agency (ISA), the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPA) in Heidelberg, Germany, the German Israeli Science Foundation for Research and Development, and the Israel Science Foundation. The WHT is operated by the Isaac Newton Group",
year = "2011",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/742/2/L18",
language = "الإنجليزيّة",
volume = "742",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",
issn = "2041-8205",
publisher = "American Astronomical Society",
number = "2",
}