TY - JOUR
T1 - Secondary Organic Aerosol Generated from Biomass Burning Emitted Phenolic Compounds
T2 - Oxidative Potential, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Cytotoxicity
AU - Fang, Zheng
AU - Lai, Alexandra
AU - Dongmei Cai, None
AU - Chunlin Li, None
AU - Carmieli, Raanan
AU - Chen, Jianmin
AU - Wang, Xinming
AU - Rudich, Yinon
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
PY - 2024/4/29
Y1 - 2024/4/29
N2 - Phenolic compounds are largely emitted from biomass burning (BB) and have a significant potential to form SOA (Phc-SOA). However, the toxicological properties of Phc-SOA remain unclear. In this study, phenol and guaiacol were chosen as two representative phenolic gases in BB plumes, and the toxicological properties of water-soluble components of their SOA generated under different photochemical ages and NOx levels were investigated. Phenolic compounds contribute greatly to the oxidative potential (OP) of biomass-burning SOA. OH-adducts of guaiacol (e.g., 2-methoxyhydroquinone) were identified as components of guaiacol SOA (GSOA) with high OP. The addition of nitro groups to 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, a surrogate quinone compound in Phc-SOA, increased its OP. The toxicity of both phenol SOA (PSOA) and GSOA in vitro in human alveolar epithelial cells decreased with aging in terms of both cell death and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), possibly due to more ring-opening products with relatively low toxicity. The influence of NOx was consistent between cell death and cellular ROS for GSOA but not for PSOA, indicating that cellular ROS production does not necessarily represent all processes contributing to cell death caused by PSOA. Combining different acellular and cellular assays can provide a comprehensive understanding of aerosol toxicological properties.
AB - Phenolic compounds are largely emitted from biomass burning (BB) and have a significant potential to form SOA (Phc-SOA). However, the toxicological properties of Phc-SOA remain unclear. In this study, phenol and guaiacol were chosen as two representative phenolic gases in BB plumes, and the toxicological properties of water-soluble components of their SOA generated under different photochemical ages and NOx levels were investigated. Phenolic compounds contribute greatly to the oxidative potential (OP) of biomass-burning SOA. OH-adducts of guaiacol (e.g., 2-methoxyhydroquinone) were identified as components of guaiacol SOA (GSOA) with high OP. The addition of nitro groups to 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, a surrogate quinone compound in Phc-SOA, increased its OP. The toxicity of both phenol SOA (PSOA) and GSOA in vitro in human alveolar epithelial cells decreased with aging in terms of both cell death and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), possibly due to more ring-opening products with relatively low toxicity. The influence of NOx was consistent between cell death and cellular ROS for GSOA but not for PSOA, indicating that cellular ROS production does not necessarily represent all processes contributing to cell death caused by PSOA. Combining different acellular and cellular assays can provide a comprehensive understanding of aerosol toxicological properties.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85192055083&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c09903
DO - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c09903
M3 - مقالة
C2 - 38683689
SN - 0013-936X
VL - 58
SP - 8194
EP - 8206
JO - Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Environmental Science and Technology
IS - 19
ER -