Abstract
Organisms have the ability to produce structures with superior characteristics as in the course of biomineralization. One of the most intriguing characteristics of biominerals is the existence of intracrystalline macromolecules. Despite several studies over the last two decades and efforts to mimic the incoporation of macromolecules synthetically, a fundamental understanding of the mechanism of incorporation is as yet lacking. For example, which of the common 20 amino acids are really responsible for the interaction with the mineral phase? Here a reductionist approach, based on high-resolution synchrotron powder diffraction and analytical chemistry, is utilized to screen all of these amino acids in terms of their incorporation into calcite. We showed that the important factors are amino-acid charge, size, rigidity and the relative pKa of the carboxyl and amino functional groups. It is also demonstrated that cysteine, surprisingly, interacts very strongly with the mineral phase and therefore, like acidic amino acids, becomes richly incorporated. The insights gained from this study shed new light on the incorporation of organic molecules into an inorganic host in general, and in particular on the biomineralization process. Identification of the amino acids that become incorporated into a calcite inorganic crystal host is studied systematically by growing calcite in the presence of the twenty common amino acids. Synchrotron high-resolution powder diffraction and analytical chemistry is performed to unravel this important question. The new insights gained are expected to have an impact on biomineralization and on hybrid materials and interfaces in general.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 4216-4224 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Advanced Functional Materials |
Volume | 22 |
Issue number | 20 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 23 Oct 2012 |
Keywords
- biomimetic crystal growth
- biomineralization
- hybrid interfaces
- hybrid nanocomposites
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- General Chemistry
- Condensed Matter Physics
- General Materials Science