Scaffolds for tissue engineering of functional cardiac muscle

Scaffold design for cardiac tissue engineering is aimed at recapitulating the natural microenvironment of the heart or incorporating elements to biomaterials to advance tissue function. In this chapter, we discuss methods for improving the mechanical properties of the scaffold and methods of varying its morphology and controlling its biochemical composition. We then discuss approaches for improving the function of the engineered tissue by enhancing the scaffold’s conductivity. Finally, we present a relatively new concept in cardiac tissue engineering, where electrical components are integrated with engineered tissues to monitor and regulate tissue function, as well as to promote better integration with the host.