Response to: “Letter to the Editor, International Urology and Nephrology: in silico–in vitro–in vivo—can numerical simulations based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) replace studies of the urinary tract?”

Thus, the key to advancing our science, and medical (and ultimately clinical) understanding, is to treat these three approaches—in vivo, in vitro, in silico—as fully complementary tools, each with strengths and limitations, that taken together will lead to extensive advances in the study of urological pathologies and treatments. [last paragraph in lieu of abstract]