@article{4f2a89586dbc46ae87f554a63c749010,
title = "Reading between the lines of four-dimensional gauge theories",
abstract = "Starting with a choice of a gauge group in four dimensions, there is often freedom in the choice of magnetic and dyonic line operators. Different consistent choices of these operators correspond to distinct physical theories, with the same correlation functions of local operators in R4. In some cases these choices are permuted by shifting the θ-angle by 2π. In other cases they are labeled by new discrete θ-like parameters. Using this understanding we gain new insight into the dynamics of four-dimensional gauge theories and their phases. The existence of these distinct theories clarifies a number of issues in electric/magnetic dualities of supersymmetric gauge theories, both for the conformal N = 4 theories and for the low-energy dualities of N = 1 theories.",
author = "Ofer Aharony and Nathan Seiberg and Yuji Tachikawa",
note = "Rosa and Emilio Segre Research Award; Israel Science Foundation center for excellence grant; German-Israeli Foundation (GIF) for Scientific Research and Development; Minerva foundation; Federal German Ministry for Education and Research; IBM Einstein Fellowship at the Institute for Advanced Study; DOE [DE-FG02-90ER40542]; United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) [2010/629]; MEXT/JSPS [KAKENHI-25870159]; WPI research initiative through IPMU, University of TokyoWe would like to thank T. Dumitrescu, G. Festuccia, D. Freed, D. Gaiotto, S. Giacomelli, J. Gomis, K. Intriligator, T. Okuda, S. Razamat, M. Strassler, S. Sugimoto, B. Willett, and E. Witten for many useful discussions. We would like to thank G. W. Moore in particular, for helpful discussions and also for his detailed and thoughtful comments on the draft. We would also like to thank Oren Bergman for pointing out an important typo in a previous version of this paper. OA is the Samuel Sebba Professorial Chair of Pure and Applied Physics, and he is supported in part by a grant from the Rosa and Emilio Segre Research Award, by an Israel Science Foundation center for excellence grant, by the German-Israeli Foundation (GIF) for Scientific Research and Development, and by the Minerva foundation with funding from the Federal German Ministry for Education and Research. OA gratefully acknowledges support from an IBM Einstein Fellowship at the Institute for Advanced Study. The work of NS was supported in part by DOE grant DE-FG02-90ER40542 and by the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) under grant number 2010/629. YT's research is supported in part by MEXT/JSPS grant KAKENHI-25870159, and in part by the WPI research initiative through IPMU, University of Tokyo. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies.",
year = "2013",
doi = "10.1007/JHEP08(2013)115",
language = "الإنجليزيّة",
volume = "2013",
journal = "Journal of High Energy Physics",
issn = "1126-6708",
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
number = "8",
}