Abstract
The chapter deals with radioactivity of building materials. The main terminology used in radiology protection is introduced. Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM), such as radium 226Ra, thorium 232Th, potassium 40K and radon 222Rn, are discussed. Special attention is given to radon, which is considered as the main source of natural radiation to which the building occupants are exposed. The difference between radon exhalation and emanation is explained. The role of radon diffusion length influencing the radon flux from the surface of building products and air exchange rate in living spaces is emphasized. Main experimental methods of measurement of radionuclide composition and radon exhalation rate are reviewed. Building materials with both enhanced concentrations of natural radionuclides and enhanced radon exhalation, including the mechanisms resulting in elevated exposures of building occupants to gamma radiation and inhalation of radon, are discussed in detail. Finally, the existing national and international regulations concerning radioactivity of building materials in dwellings are reviewed. The chapter ends with a short discussion of the future challenges in the regulations.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Toxicity of Building Materials |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Pages | 196-240 |
| Number of pages | 45 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9780857091222 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9780857096357 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 1 Jan 2012 |
Keywords
- building materials
- diffusion
- emanation
- exhalation
- gamma-spectrometry
- measurements
- natural radionuclides
- radioactivity
- radon
- regulations
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- General Engineering
- General Materials Science