Polyaluminium chloride as an alternative to alum for the direct filtration of drinking water

Idit Zarchi, Eran Friedler, Menahem Rebhun

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

The efficiency of various polyaluminium chloride coagulants (PACls) was compared to the efficiency of aluminium sulfate (alum) in the coagulation-flocculation process preceding direct filtration in drinking water treatment. The comparative study consisted of two separate yet complementary series of experiments: the first series included short (5-7 h) and long (24 h) filter runs conducted at a pilot filtration plant equipped with large filter columns that simulated full-scale filters. Partially treated surface water from the Sea of Galilee, characterized by very low turbidity (~1 NTU), was used. In the second series of experiments, speciation of aluminium in situ was investigated using the ferron assay method. Results from the pilot-scale study indicate that most PACls were as or more efficient a coagulant as alum for direct filtration of surface water without requiring acid addition for pH adjustment and subsequent base addition for re-stabilizing the water. Consequently, cost analysis of the chemicals needed for the process showed that treatment with PACl would be significantly less costly than treatment with alum. The aluminium speciation experiments revealed that the performance of the coagulant is more influenced by the species present during the coagulation process than those present in the original reagents.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1199-1209
Number of pages11
JournalEnvironmental Technology (United Kingdom)
Volume34
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - 2013

Keywords

  • Alum
  • Direct filtration
  • Drinking water treatment
  • PACl
  • Speciation

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Water Science and Technology
  • Waste Management and Disposal
  • Environmental Chemistry

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