Physico-chemical and toxicological characterization of iron-containing albumin nanoparticles as platforms for medical imaging

Iron oxide-containing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have certain advantages over currently used contrast agents for tumor imaging by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as they offer the possibility of functionalization with ligands and tracers. Functionalized MNPs also may be used for targeted tumor therapy. In the current study nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) with incorporated hydrophilic (NH₄)2Ce(IV)(NO₃)₆-γ-Fe₂O₃particles (CAN maghemite particles) for medical imaging were produced and characterized. For this purpose CAN maghemite particles were incorporated into an rHSA matrix to yield rHSA-NPs. The resulting NPs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy, and atomic absorption. The sizes of the manufactured NP were 170 ± 10 nm, and the zeta-potential was - 50 ± 3 mV. The NPs remained stable when stored after lyophilization with sucrose 3% [w/v] as a cryoprotector. They showed pro-inflammatory properties without cell and animal toxicity in vivo and were highly contrasting in MRI. In conclusion, this report introduces novel rHSA NP with favorable properties containing iron oxide for detection by MRI.