On the possible grammaticalization of ‪‎דבר as an indefinite pronoun in biblical Hebrew: a re-evaluation

Modern Hebrew features two indefinite pronouns formed from nouns denoting basic ontological categories: 'iš ‘anyone’, from the noun meaning ‘man’, and davar ‘anything’, from the noun meaning ‘thing’. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the biblical ancestor of davar had already been grammaticalized as an indefinite pronoun in the classical BH prose corpus (Genesis – 2 Kings). The results establish that biblical davar had a semantically-bleached usage with the same distribution, semantic interpretation and rhetorical effects as the indefinite pronoun me'uma. In this usage davar functioned, like me'uma, as a negative polarity item (NPI) with minimizing meaning. The development of the NPI usage of davar in the biblical period was the first stage in a grammaticalization path ultimately leading to the formation of the indefinite pronoun.