TY - JOUR
T1 - Novel molecular determinants of viral susceptibility and resistance in the lipidome of Emiliania huxleyi
AU - Fulton, James M.
AU - Fredricks, Helen F.
AU - Bidle, Kay D.
AU - Vardi, Assaf
AU - Kendrick, B. Jacob
AU - Ditullio, Giacomo R.
AU - Van Mooy, Benjamin A.S.
N1 - National Science Foundation [OCE-1031143, OCE-1061883, IOS-0717494]; Gordon and Betty Moore FoundationThe authors acknowledge Melissa Kido Soule of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution FT-MS Facility and Catherine Carmichael for analytical assistance. Rutgers undergraduate students Ashley Lemire and Chris Johns helped screen the infectivity of Bergen mesocosm E. huxleyi strains and Jennifer Rusciani assisted in EhV86 purification. We also thank Dr. Chris Brown and Liti Haramaty for technical assistance. Funding support for this study came from National Science Foundation grants (OCE-1031143 to B. A. S. V. M.; OCE-1061883 to K. D. B., B. A. S. V. M., G. R. D. and A. V.; IOS-0717494 to K. D. B and A. V). This research was funded in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The authors have no conflicts of interest pertinent to this research.
PY - 2014/4
Y1 - 2014/4
N2 - Summary: Viruses play a key role in controlling the population dynamics of algae, including Emiliania huxleyi, a globally distributed haptophyte with calcite coccoliths that comprise ca. 50% of the sinking carbonate flux from the surface ocean. Emiliania huxleyi viruses (EhVs) routinely infect and terminate E.huxleyi blooms. EhVs are surrounded by a lipid envelope, which we found to be comprised largely of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) with lesser amounts of polar glycerolipids. Infection appears to involve membrane fusion between the virus and host, and we hypothesized that specific polar lipids may facilitate virus attachment. We identified three novel intact polar lipids in E.huxleyi strain CCMP 374 and EhV86, including a GSL with a monosaccharide sialic acid headgroup (sGSL); for all 11 E.huxleyi strains we tested, there was a direct relationship between sGSL content and sensitivity to infection by EhV1, EhV86 and EhV163. In mesocosms, the E.huxleyi population with greatest initial sGSL content had the highest rate of virus-induced mortality. We propose potential physiological roles for sGSL that would be beneficial for growth but leave cells susceptible to infection, thus furthering the discussion of Red Queen-based co-evolution and the cost(s) of sensitivity and resistance in the dynamic E.huxleyi-EhV system.
AB - Summary: Viruses play a key role in controlling the population dynamics of algae, including Emiliania huxleyi, a globally distributed haptophyte with calcite coccoliths that comprise ca. 50% of the sinking carbonate flux from the surface ocean. Emiliania huxleyi viruses (EhVs) routinely infect and terminate E.huxleyi blooms. EhVs are surrounded by a lipid envelope, which we found to be comprised largely of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) with lesser amounts of polar glycerolipids. Infection appears to involve membrane fusion between the virus and host, and we hypothesized that specific polar lipids may facilitate virus attachment. We identified three novel intact polar lipids in E.huxleyi strain CCMP 374 and EhV86, including a GSL with a monosaccharide sialic acid headgroup (sGSL); for all 11 E.huxleyi strains we tested, there was a direct relationship between sGSL content and sensitivity to infection by EhV1, EhV86 and EhV163. In mesocosms, the E.huxleyi population with greatest initial sGSL content had the highest rate of virus-induced mortality. We propose potential physiological roles for sGSL that would be beneficial for growth but leave cells susceptible to infection, thus furthering the discussion of Red Queen-based co-evolution and the cost(s) of sensitivity and resistance in the dynamic E.huxleyi-EhV system.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84898059207&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12358
DO - https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12358
M3 - مقالة
SN - 1462-2912
VL - 16
SP - 1137
EP - 1149
JO - Environmental Microbiology
JF - Environmental Microbiology
IS - 4
ER -