Noninvasive Real-Time Glucose Monitoring Is in the Near Future

Irl B. Hirsch, Amir Tirosh, Ami Navon

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Objective: Since the introduction of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology, developers have rigorously researched the feasibility of creating a noninvasive glucose monitoring device. In a recent pilot study, investigators reported a strong correlation between glucose values obtained from novel noninvasive monitoring device (GWave) values to venous and capillary glucose measurements. Research Design and Methods: We investigated whether the level of accuracy observed in the pilot study could be reproduced in a larger cohort, using a smaller third-generation manufacturable device (Gen III GWave) containing a standardized sensor chip that can be mass produced for commercial use. The evaluation assessed concordance with capillary blood glucose, reproducibility between two Gen III devices, and accuracy during insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Results: Assessment of samples from 75 subjects (type 2 diabetes, n = 6; type 1 diabetes, n = 28; nondiabetic pregnant subjects, n = 10; and nondiabetic, n = 31) showed that 97% of values were in Zone A with 3% in Zone B of the Clarke Error Grid, with a mean absolute relative difference of 6.7% from reference blood glucose. Comparison between two independent Gen III GWave devices demonstrated reproducibility between the sensors (R2 = 0.95), with 100% of values within Zone A. In the hypoglycemia assessment, measurements from the Gen III sensor tightly followed the capillary glucose measurements down to 42 mg/dL (2.3 mmol/L), whereas the CGM measurements from two different CGM only converged with the GWave and capillary glucose readings after 90 min of decreasing glucose levels. Conclusion: Our results show promise as potentially the first noninvasive technology. Future studies will focus on larger number of people in all glucose ranges. Real-time noninvasive blood glucose monitoring is possible using GWave technology.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)661-666
Number of pages6
JournalDiabetes Technology and Therapeutics
Volume26
Issue number9
Early online date17 May 2024
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Sep 2024

Keywords

  • Continuous glucose monitoring
  • Noninvasive
  • Radiofrequency

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Medical Laboratory Technology
  • Endocrinology
  • Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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