No Trinity: The tripartite relations between Agudat Yisrael, the Mizrahi movement, and the Zionist Organization

This article investigates the dynamics between the two major Orthodox political movements of the twentieth century-the religious Zionist movement Mizrahi and its non-Zionist opponent Agudat Yisrael-in the context of their tripartite relationship with the Zionist Organization. Due to its increased involvement in Palestinian affairs, the Agudah entered negotiations with the Zionists in the mid-1920s. These negotiations and the possibility of cooperation between Agudat Yisrael and the Zionist Organization threatened the position of the religious Zionists within the ZO. The resulting competition between the two Orthodox groups led to the refinement of party platforms and the crystallization of independent political camps.