Morphogenetics of dicots and large-and small-grained wild grasses from the paleolithic era (old stone age) ohalo II., Israel (23,000 BP)

Ohalo II is a submerged, late Upper Paleolithic (locally termed Early Epipalaeolithic) site, radiocarbon dated to ca 22,500-23,500 BP. (Kislev et al. 1992). The site is located on the southwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret), Rift Valley, Israel (Figure 1). This hunter-gatherer-fisher camp covers more than 2000m2 (0.2 ha) and includes the remains of six brush huts with numerous plant remains, open-air hearths, and a human grave. The site was occupied during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), a period of cold and dry climate when ice sheets covered parts of North America and Europe. Almost 100 taxa are represented among the identified plant remains (Nadel 1997; Simchoni 1998; Weiss 2009). The most numerous monocot and dicot species will be discussed in this Chapter.