Long-Term Cardiovascular Morbidity in Children Born Following Fertility Treatment

Objective: To determine the risk of long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) among children born following in vitro fertilization (IVF) and compared with spontaneous pregnancies. Study design: A population-based cohort study including all singleton deliveries occurring between 1991and 2014 at a tertiary medical center was performed. Hospitalizations up to the age of 18 years involving CVD were evaluated in children delivered following IVF, ovulation induction, and spontaneous pregnancies. CVD included valvular disorders, hypertension, arrhythmias, rheumatic disease, cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare cumulative morbidity incidence, and a Cox regression model controlled for confounders. Results: During the study period, 242 187 singleton deliveries met the inclusion criteria; 1.1% following IVF (n = 2603), and 0.7% following ovulation induction (n = 1721). Hospitalizations up to the age of 18 years involving CVD (n = 1503) were comparable in children delivered following IVF (0.6%), ovulation induction (0.7%), and spontaneous pregnancies (0.6%; P =.884). No significant difference in the cumulative incidence of CVD was noted between the groups (log rank P =.781). Controlling for maternal age, gestational age, birthweight, maternal diabetes, and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, fertility treatment was not noted as a risk factor for long-term pediatric CVD (IVF adjusted hazard ratio 1.05, 95% CI 0.63-1.74, P =.86; ovulation induction adjusted hazard ratio 0.97, CI 95% 0.55-1.71, P =.92). Conclusions: Singletons conceived via fertility treatments do not appear to be at an increased risk of long-term pediatric CVD.