Localization and Tracking of Gold Nanoparticles Using mmWave FMCW Radar

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) hold promise to improve the detection and treatment of diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's. However, detecting GNPs in the body remains an unmet technological challenge. This work introduces a new methodology for remotely localizing and tracking GNPs in various therapeutic settings, including through biological tissues, using a compact millimeter-wave radar system. By modeling GNP detection as a sparse recovery problem, we propose a method that localizes GNPs in cluttered environments as well as detects changes in concentrations that relate to changes in the intensity of the reflected signals. Our approach paves the way to a first-ever noninvasive, non-ionizing, simple approach for bioimaging and tracking GNPs inside the body.