Localization and RNA Binding of Mitochondrial Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases

Shahar Garin, Ofri Levi, Bar Cohen, Adi Golani-Armon, Arava Yoav

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

Mitochondria contain a complete translation machinery that is used to translate its internally transcribed mRNAs. This machinery uses a distinct set of tRNAs that are charged with cognate amino acids inside the organelle. Interestingly, charging is executed by aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS) that are encoded by the nuclear genome, translated in the cytosol, and need to be imported into the mitochondria. Here, we review import mechanisms of these enzymes with emphasis on those that are localized to both mitochondria and cytosol. Furthermore, we describe RNA recognition features of these enzymes and their interaction with tRNA and non-tRNA molecules. The dual localization of mitochondria-destined aaRSs and their association with various RNA types impose diverse impacts on cellular physiology. Yet, the breadth and significance of these functions are not fully resolved. We highlight here possibilities for future explorations.

Original languageEnglish
Article number1185
Pages (from-to)1-20
Number of pages20
JournalGenes
Volume11
Issue number10
DOIs
StatePublished - 12 Oct 2020

Keywords

  • RNA recognition
  • aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
  • mitochondria
  • mitochondria import
  • mitochondria targeting signal
  • tRNA
  • translation

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