@inproceedings{d4c2f43f4b24404d99eda235b5278576,
title = "Inferring Invariants with Quantifier Alternations: Taming the Search Space Explosion",
abstract = "We present a PDR/IC3 algorithm for finding inductive invariants with quantifier alternations. We tackle scalability issues that arise due to the large search space of quantified invariants by combining a breadth-first search strategy and a new syntactic form for quantifier-free bodies. The breadth-first strategy prevents inductive generalization from getting stuck in regions of the search space that are expensive to search and focuses instead on lemmas that are easy to discover. The new syntactic form is well-suited to lemmas with quantifier alternations by allowing both limited conjunction and disjunction in the quantifier-free body, while carefully controlling the size of the search space. Combining the breadth-first strategy with the new syntactic form results in useful inductive bias by prioritizing lemmas according to: (i) well-defined syntactic metrics for simple quantifier structures and quantifier-free bodies, and (ii) the empirically useful heuristic of preferring lemmas that are fast to discover. On a benchmark suite of primarily distributed protocols and complex Paxos variants, we demonstrate that our algorithm can solve more of the most complicated examples than state-of-the-art techniques.",
keywords = "PDR/IC3, invariant inference, quantifier alternation",
author = "Koenig, {Jason R.} and Oded Padon and Sharon Shoham and Alex Aiken",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).; 28th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2022 held as part of 25th European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2022 ; Conference date: 02-04-2022 Through 07-04-2022",
year = "2022",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_18",
language = "الإنجليزيّة",
isbn = "9783030995232",
series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media B.V.",
pages = "338--356",
editor = "Dana Fisman and Grigore Rosu",
booktitle = "Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems - 28th International Conference, TACAS 2022, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2022, Proceedings",
address = "ألمانيا",
}