Imaging the neocortex functional architecture using multiple intrinsic signals: Implications for hemodynamic-based functional imaging

Optical imaging based on intrinsic signals has provided a new level of understanding of the principles underlying cortical development, organization, and function, providing a spatial resolution of up to 20 μm for mapping cortical columns in vivo. This introduction briefly reviews the development of this technique, the types of applications that have been pursued, and the general implications of some findings for other neuroimaging techniques based on hemodynamic responses (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging).