TY - GEN
T1 - IC3 - Flipping the E in ICE
AU - Vizel, Yakir
AU - Gurfinkel, Arie
AU - Shoham, Sharon
AU - Malik, Sharad
N1 - Funding Information: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013)/ERC grant agreement No. [321174]. Publisher Copyright: © Springer International Publishing AG 2017.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Induction is a key element of state-of-the-art verification techniques. Automatically synthesizing and verifying inductive invariants is at the heart of Model Checking of safety properties. In this paper, we study the relationship between two popular approaches to synthesizing inductive invariants: SAT-based Model Checking (SAT-MC) and Machine Learning-based Invariant Synthesis (MLIS). Our goal is to identify and formulate the theoretical similarities and differences between the two frameworks. We focus on two flagship algorithms: IC3 (an instance of SAT-MC) and ICE (an instance of MLIS). We show that the two frameworks are very similar yet distinct. For a meaningful comparison, we introduce RICE, an extension of ICE with relative induction and show how IC3 can be implemented as an instance of RICE. We believe this work contributes to the understanding of inductive invariant synthesis and will serve as a foundation for further improvements to both SAT-MC and MLIS algorithms.
AB - Induction is a key element of state-of-the-art verification techniques. Automatically synthesizing and verifying inductive invariants is at the heart of Model Checking of safety properties. In this paper, we study the relationship between two popular approaches to synthesizing inductive invariants: SAT-based Model Checking (SAT-MC) and Machine Learning-based Invariant Synthesis (MLIS). Our goal is to identify and formulate the theoretical similarities and differences between the two frameworks. We focus on two flagship algorithms: IC3 (an instance of SAT-MC) and ICE (an instance of MLIS). We show that the two frameworks are very similar yet distinct. For a meaningful comparison, we introduce RICE, an extension of ICE with relative induction and show how IC3 can be implemented as an instance of RICE. We believe this work contributes to the understanding of inductive invariant synthesis and will serve as a foundation for further improvements to both SAT-MC and MLIS algorithms.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85010695866
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-319-52234-0_28
DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-52234-0_28
M3 - Conference contribution
SN - 9783319522333
T3 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
SP - 521
EP - 538
BT - Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation - 18th International Conference, VMCAI 2017, Proceedings
A2 - Bouajjani, Ahmed
A2 - Monniaux, David
T2 - 18th International Conference on Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation, VMCAI 2017
Y2 - 15 January 2017 through 17 January 2017
ER -