Homeownership, Neighbourhood Characteristics and Children's Positive Behaviours among Low- and Moderate-income Households

Using data on low-to-moderate-income households in the US Community Advantage Program survey, this paper examines homeownership, neighbourhood characteristics and the interaction between the two on the positive behaviour of children from low- and moderate-income households. To control for potential selection bias and endogeneity problems, propensity score weighting and hierarchical regression are employed to tease apart the effects of homeownership, neighbourhood characteristics and their interaction on child positive behaviour. No effect is found of homeownership or neighbourhood characteristics on children's positive behaviour when the interaction between the two is not included in the model. However, homeownership was found to have a stronger positive effect on children's positive behaviour as neighbourhood population density increases and, at approximately 4000 persons per square mile (approximate population density of San Diego, CA), homeownership has a significant positive effect on children's overall scores on the positive behaviour scale.