TY - JOUR
T1 - Higher-Order Topology, Monopole Nodal Lines, and the Origin of Large Fermi Arcs in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides XTe2 (X = Mo,W)
AU - Wang, Zhijun
AU - Wieder, Benjamin J.
AU - Li, Jian
AU - Yan, Binghai
AU - Bernevig, B. Andrei
N1 - The authors thank Barry Bradlyn, Jennifer Cano, Yichen Hu, Fan Zhang, and Youngkuk Kim for helpful discussions. Z. W., B. J. W., and B. A. B. were supported by the Department of Energy Grant No. DE-SC0016239, the National Science Foundation EAGER Grants No. DMR 1643312 and NSF-MRSEC No. DMR-1420541, Army Research Office Grant No. ARO MURI W911NF-12-1-0461, Simons Investigator Grant No. 404513, ONR Grant No. N00014-14-1-0330, the Packard Foundation, the Schmidt Fund for Innovative Research, and a Guggenheim Fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Z. W. additionally acknowledges support from the National Thousand-Young-Talents Program and the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program. This work was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 11504117 and No. 11774317). B. Y. acknowledges support from the Willner Family Leadership Institute for the Weizmann Institute of Science, the Benoziyo Endowment Fund for the Advancement of Science, the Ruth and Herman Albert Scholars Program for New Scientists, and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Grant No. 815869). Z. W. and B. J. W. contributed equally to this work.
PY - 2019/10/28
Y1 - 2019/10/28
N2 - In recent years, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have garnered great interest as topological materials. In particular, monolayers of centrosymmetric beta-phase TMDs have been identified as 2D topological insulators (TIs), and bulk crystals of noncentrosymmetric gamma-phase MoTe2 and WTe2 have been identified as type-II Weyl semimetals. However, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and STM probes of these semimetals have revealed huge, arclike surface states that overwhelm, and are sometimes mistaken for, the much smaller topological surface Fermi arcs of bulk type-II Weyl points. In this Letter, we calculate the bulk and surface electronic structure of both beta- and gamma-MoTe2. We find that beta-MoTe2 is, in fact, a Z(4)-nontrivial higher-order TI (HOTI) driven by double band inversion and exhibits the same surface features as gamma-MoTe2 and gamma-WTe2. We discover that these surface states are not topologically trivial, as previously characterized by the research that differentiated them from the Weyl Fermi arcs but, rather, are the characteristic split and gapped fourfold Dirac surface states of a HOTI. In beta-MoTe2, this indicates that it would exhibit helical pairs of hinge states if it were bulk insulating, and in gamma-MoTe2 and gamma-WTe2, these surface states represent vestiges of HOTI phases without inversion symmetry that are nearby in parameter space. Using nested Wilson loops and first-principles calculations, we explicitly demonstrate that, when the Weyl points in gamma-MoTe2 are annihilated, which may be accomplished by symmetry-preserving strain or lattice distortion, gamma-MoTe2 becomes a nonsymmetry-indicated, noncentrosymmetric HOTI. We also show that, when the effects of spin-orbit coupling are neglected, beta-MoTe2 is a nodal-line semimetal with Z(2)-nontrivial monopole nodal lines (MNLSM). This finding confirms that MNLSMs driven by double band inversion are the weak-spin-orbit coupling limit of HOTIs, implying that MNLSMs are higher-order topological semimetals with flat-band-like hinge states, which we find to originate from the corner modes of 2D "fragile" TIs.
AB - In recent years, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have garnered great interest as topological materials. In particular, monolayers of centrosymmetric beta-phase TMDs have been identified as 2D topological insulators (TIs), and bulk crystals of noncentrosymmetric gamma-phase MoTe2 and WTe2 have been identified as type-II Weyl semimetals. However, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and STM probes of these semimetals have revealed huge, arclike surface states that overwhelm, and are sometimes mistaken for, the much smaller topological surface Fermi arcs of bulk type-II Weyl points. In this Letter, we calculate the bulk and surface electronic structure of both beta- and gamma-MoTe2. We find that beta-MoTe2 is, in fact, a Z(4)-nontrivial higher-order TI (HOTI) driven by double band inversion and exhibits the same surface features as gamma-MoTe2 and gamma-WTe2. We discover that these surface states are not topologically trivial, as previously characterized by the research that differentiated them from the Weyl Fermi arcs but, rather, are the characteristic split and gapped fourfold Dirac surface states of a HOTI. In beta-MoTe2, this indicates that it would exhibit helical pairs of hinge states if it were bulk insulating, and in gamma-MoTe2 and gamma-WTe2, these surface states represent vestiges of HOTI phases without inversion symmetry that are nearby in parameter space. Using nested Wilson loops and first-principles calculations, we explicitly demonstrate that, when the Weyl points in gamma-MoTe2 are annihilated, which may be accomplished by symmetry-preserving strain or lattice distortion, gamma-MoTe2 becomes a nonsymmetry-indicated, noncentrosymmetric HOTI. We also show that, when the effects of spin-orbit coupling are neglected, beta-MoTe2 is a nodal-line semimetal with Z(2)-nontrivial monopole nodal lines (MNLSM). This finding confirms that MNLSMs driven by double band inversion are the weak-spin-orbit coupling limit of HOTIs, implying that MNLSMs are higher-order topological semimetals with flat-band-like hinge states, which we find to originate from the corner modes of 2D "fragile" TIs.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85074882402&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.186401
DO - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.186401
M3 - مقالة
SN - 0031-9007
VL - 123
JO - Physical review letters
JF - Physical review letters
IS - 18
M1 - 186401
ER -