General theory of spontaneous emission near exceptional points

Adi Pick; Bo Zhen; Owen D. Miller; Chia W. Hsu; Felipe Hernandez; Alejandro W. Rodriguez; Marin Soljacic; Steven G. Johnson

doi:https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.012325

General theory of spontaneous emission near exceptional points

Adi Pick, Bo Zhen, Owen D. Miller, Chia W. Hsu, Felipe Hernandez, Alejandro W. Rodriguez, Marin Soljacic, Steven G. Johnson

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We present a general theory of spontaneous emission at exceptional points (EPs)- exotic degeneracies in non-Hermitian systems. Our theory extends beyond spontaneous emission to any light-matter interaction described by the local density of states (e.g., absorption, thermal emission, and nonlinear frequency conversion). Whereas traditional spontaneous-emission theories imply infinite enhancement factors at EPs, we derive finite bounds on the enhancement, proving maximum enhancement of 4 in passive systems with second-order EPs and significantly larger enhancements (exceeding 400×) in gain-aided and higher-order EP systems. In contrast to non-degenerate resonances, which are typically associated with Lorentzian emission curves in systems with low losses, EPs are associated with non-Lorentzian lineshapes, leading to enhancements that scale nonlinearly with the resonance quality factor. Our theory can be applied to dispersive media, with proper normalization of the resonant modes.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	12325-12348
Number of pages	24
Journal	Optics Express
Volume	25
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.012325
State	Published - 29 May 2017
Externally published	Yes

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

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https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.012325

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title = "General theory of spontaneous emission near exceptional points",

abstract = "We present a general theory of spontaneous emission at exceptional points (EPs)- exotic degeneracies in non-Hermitian systems. Our theory extends beyond spontaneous emission to any light-matter interaction described by the local density of states (e.g., absorption, thermal emission, and nonlinear frequency conversion). Whereas traditional spontaneous-emission theories imply infinite enhancement factors at EPs, we derive finite bounds on the enhancement, proving maximum enhancement of 4 in passive systems with second-order EPs and significantly larger enhancements (exceeding 400×) in gain-aided and higher-order EP systems. In contrast to non-degenerate resonances, which are typically associated with Lorentzian emission curves in systems with low losses, EPs are associated with non-Lorentzian lineshapes, leading to enhancements that scale nonlinearly with the resonance quality factor. Our theory can be applied to dispersive media, with proper normalization of the resonant modes.",

author = "Adi Pick and Bo Zhen and Miller, {Owen D.} and Hsu, {Chia W.} and Felipe Hernandez and Rodriguez, {Alejandro W.} and Marin Soljacic and Johnson, {Steven G.}",

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doi = "https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.012325",

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T1 - General theory of spontaneous emission near exceptional points

AU - Pick, Adi

AU - Zhen, Bo

AU - Miller, Owen D.

AU - Hsu, Chia W.

AU - Hernandez, Felipe

AU - Rodriguez, Alejandro W.

AU - Soljacic, Marin

AU - Johnson, Steven G.

PY - 2017/5/29

Y1 - 2017/5/29

N2 - We present a general theory of spontaneous emission at exceptional points (EPs)- exotic degeneracies in non-Hermitian systems. Our theory extends beyond spontaneous emission to any light-matter interaction described by the local density of states (e.g., absorption, thermal emission, and nonlinear frequency conversion). Whereas traditional spontaneous-emission theories imply infinite enhancement factors at EPs, we derive finite bounds on the enhancement, proving maximum enhancement of 4 in passive systems with second-order EPs and significantly larger enhancements (exceeding 400×) in gain-aided and higher-order EP systems. In contrast to non-degenerate resonances, which are typically associated with Lorentzian emission curves in systems with low losses, EPs are associated with non-Lorentzian lineshapes, leading to enhancements that scale nonlinearly with the resonance quality factor. Our theory can be applied to dispersive media, with proper normalization of the resonant modes.

AB - We present a general theory of spontaneous emission at exceptional points (EPs)- exotic degeneracies in non-Hermitian systems. Our theory extends beyond spontaneous emission to any light-matter interaction described by the local density of states (e.g., absorption, thermal emission, and nonlinear frequency conversion). Whereas traditional spontaneous-emission theories imply infinite enhancement factors at EPs, we derive finite bounds on the enhancement, proving maximum enhancement of 4 in passive systems with second-order EPs and significantly larger enhancements (exceeding 400×) in gain-aided and higher-order EP systems. In contrast to non-degenerate resonances, which are typically associated with Lorentzian emission curves in systems with low losses, EPs are associated with non-Lorentzian lineshapes, leading to enhancements that scale nonlinearly with the resonance quality factor. Our theory can be applied to dispersive media, with proper normalization of the resonant modes.

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U2 - https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.012325

DO - https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.012325

M3 - مقالة

C2 - 28786590

SN - 1094-4087

VL - 25

SP - 12325

EP - 12348

JO - Optics Express

JF - Optics Express

IS - 11

ER -

General theory of spontaneous emission near exceptional points

Abstract

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

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