Exploring the influence of culture and gender on older adults' perception of polite robots

This study explored the culture and gender differences among older adults interacting with polite non-humanoid robots. We have used Lakoff theory for the polite conversational maxims. A within-subjects experiment was designed with polite and non-polite, correct and erroneous behaving robots. The polite robot employs three sub-rules ("don't impose,""give options,"and "be friendly"). A user study was conducted with older adults from two cultural backgrounds: Israeli Jewish and Arab participants. The study revealed that the participants could not differentiate between the polite behaviors when the robot was correct. They were more annoyed with a polite robot making an error as compared to a non-polite erroneous robot. Whereas gender had no impact on participants' evaluations, there were significant cultural differences between the groups: Although the Arab participants were primarily more skeptical, they enjoyed, were satisfied, and trusted the robot more than the Jewish participants. In addition, they preferred the direct non-polite behavior, whereas the Jewish participants liked the polite behavior more.