Experimental investigation of an external discharge very low anode power (< 20 W) hall thruster

A sub 20 W wall-less Hall Effect Thruster (HET) was developed at the Asher Space Research Institute (ASRI), Technion. In this work, an initial study of the thruster performance and underlying physics was conducted. It was found that the anode efficiency of the thruster was low (~ 1%), mainly due to the low mass utilization efficiency. Typical performance figures are 90 μN of thrust, specific impulse of 90 s and anode efficiency of ~ 1% at 3–4 W anode power. The thruster far-field plume was analyzed using a retarding potential analyzer. It was found that the beam divergence was relatively low at 57.7^∘ (for 95% of the beam current) compared to other wall-less HETs. The voltage utilization efficiency was 38% for a discharge voltage of 1 kV and a mass flow rate of 1 sccm xenon. We speculate that the leading driver to the low mass utilization efficiency is the small ionization fraction associated with these very low power wall-less devices. It was found that the beam efficiency can be over 90% at discharge power levels < 3 W, and decreases with power down to less than 50%.