Evidence for Late-stage Eruptive Mass Loss in the Progenitor to SN2018gep, a Broad-lined Ic Supernova: Pre-explosion Emission and a Rapidly Rising Luminous Transient

Anna Y.Q. Ho; Daniel A. Goldstein; Steve Schulze; David K. Khatami; Daniel A. Perley; Mattias Ergon; Avishay Gal-Yam; Alessandra Corsi; Igor Andreoni; Cristina Barbarino; Eric C. Bellm; Nadia Blagorodnova; Joe S. Bright; E. Burns; S. Bradley Cenko; Virginia Cunningham; Kishalay De; Richard Dekany; Alison Dugas; Rob P. Fender; Claes Fransson; Christoffer Fremling; Adam Goldstein; Matthew J. Graham; David Hale; Assaf Horesh; Tiara Hung; Mansi M. Kasliwal; N. Paul M. Kuin; S. R. Kulkarni; Thomas Kupfer; Ragnhild Lunnan; Frank J. Masci; Chow Choong Ngeow; Peter E. Nugent; Eran O. Ofek; Maria T. Patterson; Glen Petitpas; Ben Rusholme; Hanna Sai; Itai Sfaradi; David L. Shupe; Jesper Sollerman; Maayane T. Soumagnac; Yutaro Tachibana; Francesco Taddia; Richard Walters; Xiaofeng Wang; Yuhan Yao; Xinhan Zhang

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab55ec

Evidence for Late-stage Eruptive Mass Loss in the Progenitor to SN2018gep, a Broad-lined Ic Supernova: Pre-explosion Emission and a Rapidly Rising Luminous Transient

Anna Y.Q. Ho, Daniel A. Goldstein, Steve Schulze, David K. Khatami, Daniel A. Perley, Mattias Ergon, Avishay Gal-Yam, Alessandra Corsi, Igor Andreoni, Cristina Barbarino, Eric C. Bellm, Nadia Blagorodnova, Joe S. Bright, E. Burns, S. Bradley Cenko, Virginia Cunningham, Kishalay De, Richard Dekany, Alison Dugas, Rob P. FenderClaes Fransson, Christoffer Fremling, Adam Goldstein, Matthew J. Graham, David Hale, Assaf Horesh, Tiara Hung, Mansi M. Kasliwal, N. Paul M. Kuin, S. R. Kulkarni, Thomas Kupfer, Ragnhild Lunnan, Frank J. Masci, Chow Choong Ngeow, Peter E. Nugent, Eran O. Ofek, Maria T. Patterson, Glen Petitpas, Ben Rusholme, Hanna Sai, Itai Sfaradi, David L. Shupe, Jesper Sollerman, Maayane T. Soumagnac, Yutaro Tachibana, Francesco Taddia, Richard Walters, Xiaofeng Wang, Yuhan Yao, Xinhan Zhang

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Weizmann Institute of Science

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We present detailed observations of ZTF18abukavn (SN2018gep), discovered in high-cadence data from the Zwicky Transient Facility as a rapidly rising (1.4 ± 0.1 mag hr^-1) and luminous (M_g,peak = -20 mag) transient. It is spectroscopically classified as a broad-lined stripped-envelope supernova (Ic-BL SN). The high peak luminosity (L_bol ≳ 3 × 10⁴⁴ erg s^-1), the short rise time (t_rise = 3 days in g band), and the blue colors at peak (g-r ∼ -0.4) all resemble the high-redshift Ic-BL iPTF16asu, as well as several other unclassified fast transients. The early discovery of SN2018gep (within an hour of shock breakout) enabled an intensive spectroscopic campaign, including the highest-temperature (T_eff ≳ 40,000 K) spectra of a stripped-envelope SN. A retrospective search revealed luminous (M_g ∼ M_r ≈ mag) emission in the days to weeks before explosion, the first definitive detection of precursor emission for a Ic-BL. We find a limit on the isotropic gamma-ray energy release E γ,_iso < 4.9 × 10 ⁴⁸ erg, a limit on X-ray emission L_X < 10⁴⁰ erg s^-1, and a limit on radio emission ν L_ν ≲ 10³⁷ erg s^-1. Taken together, we find that the early (< 10 days) data are best explained by shock breakout in a massive shell of dense circumstellar material (0.02 M_⊙) at large radii (3 × 10¹⁴ cm) that was ejected in eruptive pre-explosion mass-loss episodes. The late-time (> 10 days) light curve requires an additional energy source, which could be the radioactive decay of Ni-56.

Original language	English
Article number	169
Number of pages	24
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	887
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab55ec
State	Published - 20 Dec 2019

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Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3847/1538-4357/ab55ec

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Ho, A. Y. Q., Goldstein, D. A., Schulze, S., Khatami, D. K., Perley, D. A., Ergon, M., Gal-Yam, A., Corsi, A., Andreoni, I., Barbarino, C., Bellm, E. C., Blagorodnova, N., Bright, J. S., Burns, E., Cenko, S. B., Cunningham, V., De, K., Dekany, R., Dugas, A., ... Zhang, X. (2019). Evidence for Late-stage Eruptive Mass Loss in the Progenitor to SN2018gep, a Broad-lined Ic Supernova: Pre-explosion Emission and a Rapidly Rising Luminous Transient. Astrophysical Journal, 887(2), Article 169. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab55ec

@article{d7269bd5a894490885573d9c3dcd0e95,

title = "Evidence for Late-stage Eruptive Mass Loss in the Progenitor to SN2018gep, a Broad-lined Ic Supernova: Pre-explosion Emission and a Rapidly Rising Luminous Transient",

abstract = "We present detailed observations of ZTF18abukavn (SN2018gep), discovered in high-cadence data from the Zwicky Transient Facility as a rapidly rising (1.4 ± 0.1 mag hr-1) and luminous (Mg,peak = -20 mag) transient. It is spectroscopically classified as a broad-lined stripped-envelope supernova (Ic-BL SN). The high peak luminosity (Lbol ≳ 3 × 1044 erg s-1), the short rise time (trise = 3 days in g band), and the blue colors at peak (g-r ∼ -0.4) all resemble the high-redshift Ic-BL iPTF16asu, as well as several other unclassified fast transients. The early discovery of SN2018gep (within an hour of shock breakout) enabled an intensive spectroscopic campaign, including the highest-temperature (Teff ≳ 40,000 K) spectra of a stripped-envelope SN. A retrospective search revealed luminous (Mg ∼ Mr ≈ mag) emission in the days to weeks before explosion, the first definitive detection of precursor emission for a Ic-BL. We find a limit on the isotropic gamma-ray energy release E γ,iso < 4.9 × 10 48 erg, a limit on X-ray emission LX < 1040 erg s-1, and a limit on radio emission ν Lν ≲ 1037 erg s-1. Taken together, we find that the early (< 10 days) data are best explained by shock breakout in a massive shell of dense circumstellar material (0.02 M⊙) at large radii (3 × 1014 cm) that was ejected in eruptive pre-explosion mass-loss episodes. The late-time (> 10 days) light curve requires an additional energy source, which could be the radioactive decay of Ni-56.",

author = "Ho, \{Anna Y.Q.\} and Goldstein, \{Daniel A.\} and Steve Schulze and Khatami, \{David K.\} and Perley, \{Daniel A.\} and Mattias Ergon and Avishay Gal-Yam and Alessandra Corsi and Igor Andreoni and Cristina Barbarino and Bellm, \{Eric C.\} and Nadia Blagorodnova and Bright, \{Joe S.\} and E. Burns and Cenko, \{S. Bradley\} and Virginia Cunningham and Kishalay De and Richard Dekany and Alison Dugas and Fender, \{Rob P.\} and Claes Fransson and Christoffer Fremling and Adam Goldstein and Graham, \{Matthew J.\} and David Hale and Assaf Horesh and Tiara Hung and Kasliwal, \{Mansi M.\} and \{M. Kuin\}, \{N. Paul\} and Kulkarni, \{S. R.\} and Thomas Kupfer and Ragnhild Lunnan and Masci, \{Frank J.\} and Ngeow, \{Chow Choong\} and Nugent, \{Peter E.\} and Ofek, \{Eran O.\} and Patterson, \{Maria T.\} and Glen Petitpas and Ben Rusholme and Hanna Sai and Itai Sfaradi and Shupe, \{David L.\} and Jesper Sollerman and Soumagnac, \{Maayane T.\} and Yutaro Tachibana and Francesco Taddia and Richard Walters and Xiaofeng Wang and Yuhan Yao and Xinhan Zhang",

year = "2019",

month = dec,

day = "20",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ab55ec",

language = "الإنجليزيّة",

volume = "887",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "2",

}

Ho, AYQ, Goldstein, DA, Schulze, S, Khatami, DK, Perley, DA, Ergon, M, Gal-Yam, A, Corsi, A, Andreoni, I, Barbarino, C, Bellm, EC, Blagorodnova, N, Bright, JS, Burns, E, Cenko, SB, Cunningham, V, De, K, Dekany, R, Dugas, A, Fender, RP, Fransson, C, Fremling, C, Goldstein, A, Graham, MJ, Hale, D, Horesh, A, Hung, T, Kasliwal, MM, M. Kuin, NP, Kulkarni, SR, Kupfer, T, Lunnan, R, Masci, FJ, Ngeow, CC, Nugent, PE, Ofek, EO, Patterson, MT, Petitpas, G, Rusholme, B, Sai, H, Sfaradi, I, Shupe, DL, Sollerman, J, Soumagnac, MT, Tachibana, Y, Taddia, F, Walters, R, Wang, X, Yao, Y & Zhang, X 2019, 'Evidence for Late-stage Eruptive Mass Loss in the Progenitor to SN2018gep, a Broad-lined Ic Supernova: Pre-explosion Emission and a Rapidly Rising Luminous Transient', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 887, no. 2, 169. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab55ec

TY - JOUR

T1 - Evidence for Late-stage Eruptive Mass Loss in the Progenitor to SN2018gep, a Broad-lined Ic Supernova

T2 - Pre-explosion Emission and a Rapidly Rising Luminous Transient

AU - Ho, Anna Y.Q.

AU - Goldstein, Daniel A.

AU - Schulze, Steve

AU - Khatami, David K.

AU - Perley, Daniel A.

AU - Ergon, Mattias

AU - Gal-Yam, Avishay

AU - Corsi, Alessandra

AU - Andreoni, Igor

AU - Barbarino, Cristina

AU - Bellm, Eric C.

AU - Blagorodnova, Nadia

AU - Bright, Joe S.

AU - Burns, E.

AU - Cenko, S. Bradley

AU - Cunningham, Virginia

AU - De, Kishalay

AU - Dekany, Richard

AU - Dugas, Alison

AU - Fender, Rob P.

AU - Fransson, Claes

AU - Fremling, Christoffer

AU - Goldstein, Adam

AU - Graham, Matthew J.

AU - Hale, David

AU - Horesh, Assaf

AU - Hung, Tiara

AU - Kasliwal, Mansi M.

AU - M. Kuin, N. Paul

AU - Kulkarni, S. R.

AU - Kupfer, Thomas

AU - Lunnan, Ragnhild

AU - Masci, Frank J.

AU - Ngeow, Chow Choong

AU - Nugent, Peter E.

AU - Ofek, Eran O.

AU - Patterson, Maria T.

AU - Petitpas, Glen

AU - Rusholme, Ben

AU - Sai, Hanna

AU - Sfaradi, Itai

AU - Shupe, David L.

AU - Sollerman, Jesper

AU - Soumagnac, Maayane T.

AU - Tachibana, Yutaro

AU - Taddia, Francesco

AU - Walters, Richard

AU - Wang, Xiaofeng

AU - Yao, Yuhan

AU - Zhang, Xinhan

PY - 2019/12/20

Y1 - 2019/12/20

N2 - We present detailed observations of ZTF18abukavn (SN2018gep), discovered in high-cadence data from the Zwicky Transient Facility as a rapidly rising (1.4 ± 0.1 mag hr-1) and luminous (Mg,peak = -20 mag) transient. It is spectroscopically classified as a broad-lined stripped-envelope supernova (Ic-BL SN). The high peak luminosity (Lbol ≳ 3 × 1044 erg s-1), the short rise time (trise = 3 days in g band), and the blue colors at peak (g-r ∼ -0.4) all resemble the high-redshift Ic-BL iPTF16asu, as well as several other unclassified fast transients. The early discovery of SN2018gep (within an hour of shock breakout) enabled an intensive spectroscopic campaign, including the highest-temperature (Teff ≳ 40,000 K) spectra of a stripped-envelope SN. A retrospective search revealed luminous (Mg ∼ Mr ≈ mag) emission in the days to weeks before explosion, the first definitive detection of precursor emission for a Ic-BL. We find a limit on the isotropic gamma-ray energy release E γ,iso < 4.9 × 10 48 erg, a limit on X-ray emission LX < 1040 erg s-1, and a limit on radio emission ν Lν ≲ 1037 erg s-1. Taken together, we find that the early (< 10 days) data are best explained by shock breakout in a massive shell of dense circumstellar material (0.02 M⊙) at large radii (3 × 1014 cm) that was ejected in eruptive pre-explosion mass-loss episodes. The late-time (> 10 days) light curve requires an additional energy source, which could be the radioactive decay of Ni-56.

AB - We present detailed observations of ZTF18abukavn (SN2018gep), discovered in high-cadence data from the Zwicky Transient Facility as a rapidly rising (1.4 ± 0.1 mag hr-1) and luminous (Mg,peak = -20 mag) transient. It is spectroscopically classified as a broad-lined stripped-envelope supernova (Ic-BL SN). The high peak luminosity (Lbol ≳ 3 × 1044 erg s-1), the short rise time (trise = 3 days in g band), and the blue colors at peak (g-r ∼ -0.4) all resemble the high-redshift Ic-BL iPTF16asu, as well as several other unclassified fast transients. The early discovery of SN2018gep (within an hour of shock breakout) enabled an intensive spectroscopic campaign, including the highest-temperature (Teff ≳ 40,000 K) spectra of a stripped-envelope SN. A retrospective search revealed luminous (Mg ∼ Mr ≈ mag) emission in the days to weeks before explosion, the first definitive detection of precursor emission for a Ic-BL. We find a limit on the isotropic gamma-ray energy release E γ,iso < 4.9 × 10 48 erg, a limit on X-ray emission LX < 1040 erg s-1, and a limit on radio emission ν Lν ≲ 1037 erg s-1. Taken together, we find that the early (< 10 days) data are best explained by shock breakout in a massive shell of dense circumstellar material (0.02 M⊙) at large radii (3 × 1014 cm) that was ejected in eruptive pre-explosion mass-loss episodes. The late-time (> 10 days) light curve requires an additional energy source, which could be the radioactive decay of Ni-56.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85077546056&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ab55ec

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ab55ec

M3 - مقالة

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 887

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 169

ER -

Evidence for Late-stage Eruptive Mass Loss in the Progenitor to SN2018gep, a Broad-lined Ic Supernova: Pre-explosion Emission and a Rapidly Rising Luminous Transient

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