Dynamics of Reconfigurable Strawlike Elements

In this paper, we discuss the dynamic modeling of fluid-filled strawlike elements consisting of serially interconnected elastic frusta with both axisymmetric and antisymmetric degrees of freedom, assuming planar motion. Under appropriate conditions, each substructure has four stable equilibrium states, which gives the system under investigation the ability to remain stable in a large number of complex configurations where each unit cell is in one of its four stable states. This is a vital ability for a myriad of applications, including reconfigurable structures and soft robots. The theoretical model explains the dynamics of a single strawlike element in a discrete manner, considering inertial, damping, and gravitational effects, while taking into account the nonlinear elasticity of the elastic frusta, and assuming hydrostatic behavior of the entrapped fluid. After identifying the geometrical and elastic parameters of the theoretical model based on relatively simple experiments, the model is validated compared to numerical simulations and experiments. The numerical simulations validate the theoretical elasticity of the elastic frusta, whereas the overall dynamic behavior of the system and the influence of unmodeled fluidic effects are examined experimentally. It is demonstrated both theoretically and empirically that strawlike elements cannot be adequately modeled using simple uniaxial deformations. In addition, the experimental validation indicates that the suggested model that allows bending can accurately capture their overall dynamics.