Dual composite bioadhesives for wound closure applications: An in vitro and in vivo study

Over the years, new biomaterials have been introduced as an alternative to conventional wound closure methods. Compared with traditional methods including sutures and staples, bioadhesives are more convenient to use and less time-consuming. Nevertheless, the application of topical skin adhesives such as Cyanoacrylates (CA) is limited, due to cytotoxicity. Hence, developing skin adhesives with strong adhesion to soft tissue in wet environment, controlled physical and mechanical properties, and excellent biocompatibility has been a significant challenge. In the current study, we developed a new bioadhesive based on the highly biocompatible natural polymers gelatin and alginate. In order to enhance the mechanical- physical properties and functionality, two types of fillers were loaded: hemostatic agent (kaolin or montmorillonite) and cellulose fibers. Our in-vitro results show that the addition of the functional fillers increased the tensile strength and modulus of the bulk material, leading to higher sealing ability and higher bonding strength. In addition, the gelation time and swelling degree were significantly decreased and the viscosity increased with the incorporation of the filler, which enables better functioning. The in-vivo model focused on using a porcine skin incision, demonstrated superior efficacy of these new bioadhesives compared to the control group. I.e., they resulted in rapid healing, less inflammation, and a higher degree of wound closure. In conclusion, our dual-composite bioadhesives demonstrated promising potential for use in wound closure applications and may serve as a suitable alternative for conventional sutures. Their unique properties make them beneficial, especially for first medical care applications such as rescuing casualties.