Diversity statistics of onomastic data reveal social patterns in Hebrew Kingdoms of the Iron Age

Ariel Vishne, Mitka R. Golub, Eli Piasetzky, Israel Finkelstein, Barak Sober

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

The distribution of personal names provides unique, yet often overlooked, insight into modern and historical societies. This study employs diversity statistics—commonly used in ecology—to analyze onomastic data from Iron Age II archaeological excavations in the Southern Levant (950–586 BCE). Our findings reveal higher onomastic diversity in the Kingdom of Israel compared to Judah, suggesting a more cosmopolitan society. We also observe a decrease in name diversity in Judah over time, potentially reflecting sociopolitical changes. Center/periphery analysis shows contrasting patterns in Israel and Judah. These results provide insights into social dynamics, cultural interactions, and identity formation in these ancient societies. Our methodology, validated using supplementary archaeological data, as well as modern datasets, offers a robust framework for applying diversity statistics across various modern and historical contexts.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere2503850122
Pages (from-to)e2503850122
JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Volume122
Issue number20
DOIs
StatePublished - 20 May 2025

Keywords

  • biblical archaeology
  • digital humanities
  • diversity statistics
  • onomastics

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • General

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