Diffusion NMR for the characterization, in solution, of supramolecular systems based on calixarenes, resorcinarenes, and other macrocyclic arenes

Diffusion NMR is a useful analytical tool for the characterization of supramolecular systems in solution. In this mini-review, after a short introduction and some methodological tips, we discuss, from a personal point of view, the use of diffusion NMR in the study of calixarene-and other arene-based supramolecular systems. We will demonstrate, through selected examples, how diffusion has been used to study, in solution, the structures and other characteristics of supramolecular systems based on calixarene and related systems ranging from different complexes and aggregates to molecular capsules and to supramolecular oligomers and polymers.