TY - JOUR
T1 - Differences in host cell invasion and Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 expression between Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A and nontyphoidal S. Typhimurium
AU - Elhadad, Dana
AU - Desai, Prerak
AU - Grassl, Guntram A.
AU - McClelland, Michael
AU - Rahav, Galia
AU - Gal-Mor, Ohad
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2016/4/1
Y1 - 2016/4/1
N2 - Active invasion into nonphagocytic host cells is central to Salmonella enterica pathogenicity and dependent on multiple genes within Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1). Here, we explored the invasion phenotype and the expression of SPI-1 in the typhoidal serovar S. Paratyphi A compared to that of the nontyphoidal serovar S. Typhimurium. We demonstrate that while S. Typhimurium is equally invasive under both aerobic and microaerobic conditions, S. Paratyphi A invades only following growth under microaerobic conditions. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq), reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), Western blot, and secretome analyses established that S. Paratyphi A expresses much lower levels of SPI-1 genes and secretes lesser amounts of SPI-1 effector proteins than S. Typhimurium, especially under aerobic growth. Bypassing the native SPI-1 regulation by inducible expression of the SPI-1 activator, HilA, considerably elevated SPI-1 gene expression, host cell invasion, disruption of epithelial integrity, and induction of proinflammatory cytokine secretion by S. Paratyphi A but not by S. Typhimurium, suggesting that SPI-1 expression is naturally downregulated in S. Paratyphi A. Using streptomycin-treated mice, we were able to establish substantial intestinal colonization by S. Paratyphi A and showed moderately higher pathology and intestinal inflammation in mice infected with S. Paratyphi A overexpressing hilA. Collectively, our results reveal unexpected differences in SPI-1 expression between S. Paratyphi A and S. Typhimurium, indicate that S. Paratyphi A host cell invasion is suppressed under aerobic conditions, and suggest that lower invasion in aerobic sites and suppressed expression of immunogenic SPI-1 components contributes to the restrained inflammatory infection elicited by S. Paratyphi A.
AB - Active invasion into nonphagocytic host cells is central to Salmonella enterica pathogenicity and dependent on multiple genes within Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1). Here, we explored the invasion phenotype and the expression of SPI-1 in the typhoidal serovar S. Paratyphi A compared to that of the nontyphoidal serovar S. Typhimurium. We demonstrate that while S. Typhimurium is equally invasive under both aerobic and microaerobic conditions, S. Paratyphi A invades only following growth under microaerobic conditions. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq), reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), Western blot, and secretome analyses established that S. Paratyphi A expresses much lower levels of SPI-1 genes and secretes lesser amounts of SPI-1 effector proteins than S. Typhimurium, especially under aerobic growth. Bypassing the native SPI-1 regulation by inducible expression of the SPI-1 activator, HilA, considerably elevated SPI-1 gene expression, host cell invasion, disruption of epithelial integrity, and induction of proinflammatory cytokine secretion by S. Paratyphi A but not by S. Typhimurium, suggesting that SPI-1 expression is naturally downregulated in S. Paratyphi A. Using streptomycin-treated mice, we were able to establish substantial intestinal colonization by S. Paratyphi A and showed moderately higher pathology and intestinal inflammation in mice infected with S. Paratyphi A overexpressing hilA. Collectively, our results reveal unexpected differences in SPI-1 expression between S. Paratyphi A and S. Typhimurium, indicate that S. Paratyphi A host cell invasion is suppressed under aerobic conditions, and suggest that lower invasion in aerobic sites and suppressed expression of immunogenic SPI-1 components contributes to the restrained inflammatory infection elicited by S. Paratyphi A.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84962821223&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01461-15
DO - https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01461-15
M3 - مقالة
C2 - 26857569
SN - 0019-9567
VL - 84
SP - 1150
EP - 1165
JO - Infection and Immunity
JF - Infection and Immunity
IS - 4
ER -