Development of ergonomic risk factors (physical and psychosocial) questionnaire among preschool teachers' work environment

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are prevalent and costly among preschool teachers and assistants (PTAs), contributing to high turnover rates. This study aimed to develop a self-assessment ergonomic questionnaire to evaluate physical and psychosocial risk factors in PTA work environments. A total of 318 PTAs were randomly selected to complete an online questionnaire covering demographic details, musculoskeletal pain, and occupational conditions, rating 73 items (attitudes) related to everyday tasks and psychosocial risk factors. The finalized Preschool Teachers' Work Environment Questionnaire (PEQ) comprised 46 items across five domains, demonstrating high reliability (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.814–0.953) and excellent test-retest stability (ICC >0.97). Logistic regression revealed significant associations between ergonomic factors (e.g., awkward and static postures, repetitive motions, and improper tools and equipment design) and WMSDs. The PEQ is an effective tool for identifying WMSD risk factors, underscoring the need for interventions that improve the well-being of PTAs. Future research should predict WMSD among diverse preschool teachers' populations in Israel and globally to identify risk factors and develop targeted prevention strategies.