Definition of dynamic datum for deformation monitoring: Carmel fault environs as a case study

A study of deformations, which is based on the use of geodetic measurements, is usually performed by defining a kinematic model. Such a model, when used to describe a complex geophysical environment, can lead to a partial estimation of the deterministic dynamics, which characterize the entire network. Usually, in a case of deterministic nonlinear movements in the network, there is no possibility to determine a stable datum that may serve as a basis for deformation analysis. Today, the concept of stability in time ascribes rigidity to a congruent datum. This paper redefines the concept of the datum congruency and presents the development of a new dynamic datum, which more closely represents geophysical reality. The new datum changes the main characteristics of a traditional datum and successfully overcomes some of its inherent disadvantages. As an example, the proposed algorithm of the dynamic datum is applied to obtain a deformation analysis in the Carmel fault environs, one of the major geological structures in northern Israel.