Connecting cues: The role of nonverbal cues in perceived responsiveness

Nonverbal cues powerfully shape interpersonal experiences with close others; yet, there has been minimal cross-fertilization between the nonverbal behavior and close relationships literatures. Using examples of responsive nonverbal behavior conveyed across vocal, tactile, facial, and bodily channels of communication, we illustrate the utility of assessing and isolating their effects to differentiate the contributions of verbal and nonverbal displays of listening and responsiveness to relationship outcomes. We offer suggestions for methodological approaches to better capture responsive behavior across verbal and nonverbal channels, and discuss theoretical and practical implications of carrying out this work to better clarify what makes people feel understood, validated, listened to, and cared for.