Characterization of nuclear sirtuins: Molecular mechanisms and physiological relevance

Debra Toiber, Carlos Sebastian, Raul Mostoslavsky

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapterpeer-review

Abstract

Sirtuins are protein deacetylases/mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases found in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. This group of enzymes relies on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) as a cofactor linking their activity to the cellular metabolic status. Originally found in yeast, Sir2 was discovered as a silencing factor and has been shown to mediate the effects of calorie restriction on lifespan extension. In mammals seven homologs (SIRT1-7) exist which evolved to have specific biological outcomes depending on the particular cellular context, their interacting proteins, and the genomic loci to where they are actively targeted. Sirtuins biological roles are highlighted in the early lethal phenotypes observed in the deficient murine models. In this chapter, we summarize current concepts on non-metabolic functions for sirtuins, depicting this broad family from yeast to mammals.

Original languageAmerican English
Title of host publicationHistone Deacetylases
Subtitle of host publicationthe Biology and Clinical Implication
EditorsTso-Pang Yao, Edward Seto
Pages189-224
Number of pages36
DOIs
StatePublished - 24 Oct 2011
Externally publishedYes

Publication series

NameHandbook of Experimental Pharmacology
Volume206

Keywords

  • Angiogenesis
  • Caenorhabditis elegans
  • Caloric restriction
  • Cellular senescence
  • Chronological life span
  • Drosophila
  • Fragile X syndrome
  • Glucose metabolism
  • HML and HMR
  • Hst proteins
  • Hypoxia
  • Nucleotide
  • Parkinson's disease
  • Senescence
  • Sir2
  • α-synuclein

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
  • Biochemistry

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