Chaotic and non-chaotic phases in experimental responses of a single neuron

Consistency and predictability of brain functionalities depend on the reproducible activity of a single neuron. We identify a reproducible non-chaotic neuronal phase where deviations between concave response latency profiles of a single neuron do not increase with the number of stimulations. A chaotic neuronal phase emerges at a transition to convex latency profiles which diverge exponentially, indicating irreproducible response timings. Our findings are supported by a quantitative mathematical framework and are found robust to periodic and random stimulation patterns. In addition, these results put a bound on the neuronal temporal resolution which can be enhanced below a millisecond using neuronal chains.