Can the Subjective Perception of Trauma Effectively Differentiate Between International Classification of Diseases–11 PTSD and Complex PTSD? The 2022 Russian Invasion Analysis

Objective: This study is aimed to test the association of the Subjective Traumatic Outlook (STO) concept for distinguishing between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD. Focusing on identity dimensions within identity theory, the research aims to understand how subjective factors influence psychological outcomes, especially in the context of trauma during prolonged war. Findings can inform our understanding of the perception of trauma during wartime. Method: We examined a national sample of 1,895 Ukrainians during the Russian invasion, who completed the International Trauma Questionnaire and the STO. Statistical analyses, including analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, and contrast measurement, were conducted to examine associations while controlling for demographic factors. Results: Our study highlights distinct STO levels associated with varying degrees of trauma-related disorders. Lower STO scores relate to reduced disorder likelihood, while higher STO levels indicate greater risk, particularly for complex PTSD. These distinctions persist even when considering demographic variables associated with wartime conditions. Conclusion: Our research contributes to the understanding of PTSD/complex PTSD during ongoing conflict and underscores the applicability of identity aspects in elucidating the influence of subjective factors on psychological outcomes. This exploration of STO represents another approach to understanding internal perspectives in trauma-related disorders.